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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Primary prevention in T1DM |
Start atorvastatin 20mg ON if: 1) Had diabetes > 10 years. 2) Age >40 years. 3) Have established nephropathy. 4) Other CVD risk factors. |
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Vitamin A deficiency |
Night-blindness |
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Thiamine deficiency |
Beri-beri - polyneuropathy, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, heart failure |
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Niacin deficiency |
Pellagra - confusion, diarrhoea, eczema |
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Vitamin E deficiency |
Mild haemolytic anaemia in newborn infants, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy. |
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Causes Hypercalcaemia |
Primary Hyperparathyroidism Malignancy Sarcoidosis Vitamin D intoxification Acromegaly Thyrotoxicosis Milk-Alkali Syndrome Thiazides and calcium containing antacids Dehydration Addison's disease Paget's disease of the bone |
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Osteomalacia |
Normal bone tissue but decreased mineral content Rickets whilst growing - osteomalacia after bone fusion Causes - vitamin D deficiency, renal failure, drug induced, vitamin D resistant, liver disease. Bone pain, fractures, proximal myopathy, muscle tenderness. Ix - low calcium, phosphate, vitamin D, raised ALP. Mx - calcium and vitamin D. |
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Statins |
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors - myositis, deranged LFTs |
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Ezetimide |
Decreases cholesterol absorption in the small intestine - headache |
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Nicotinic Acid |
Decreases liver VLDL secretion - flushing, myositis |
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Fibrates |
Agonist of PPAR-alpha therefore increases lipoprotein lipase expression - myositis, pruritis, cholestasis |
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Cholestyramine |
Decreases bile acid reabsorption in the small intestine, upregulating the amount of cholesterol that is converted to bile acid - GI side-effects |
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Vitamin D supplementation |
Following groups should take: Aged > 65 years Not exposed to much sun Pregnancy + breast feeding - 10 micrograms Children aged 6 months- 5 years except if having > 500ml/day formula milk Osteoporosis |
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After starting statins.... |
Repeat bloods in 3 months - looking for a 40 % decrease in non-HDL cholesterol. |
