Metabolic

Front 1

3 Lipid types

Back 1

cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins

Front 2

Increase of lipids in the blood

Back 2

Hyperlipidemia- primarily genetic

Front 3

Four major types of lipoproteins (lipid transport)

Back 3

Chylomicrons- exogenous fatty acids
VLDLs- endogenous triglycerides
LDLs- cholesterol to tissue "BAD"
HDLs- cholesterol from tissue "GOOD"

Front 4

Acceptable levels of cholesterol

Back 4

Total <200
LDLs <160
HDLs >40 (if >60, subtract 1 risk factor)

Front 5

Types of medications that lower lipid levels

Back 5

Statin-
Niacin- B3

Front 6

Statin side effect

Back 6

Rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown, may lead to kidney failure)

Front 7

Energy output of carbs and proteins

Back 7

1gm = 4kcal

Front 8

Types of fats and energy output

Back 8

Saturated- Solid at room temp (bad)
Unsaturated- liquid at room temp (good)
1gm = 9kcal

Front 9

Difference in water soluble and fat soluble micronutrients

Back 9

Both are excreted through liver, however fat soluble can build up in liver

Front 10

A deficiency in what could cause night blindness

Back 10

Vitamin A, retinol

Front 11

Which vitamin is needed for bone formation and what are two deficiencies

Back 11

Vitamin D
Rickets in children
Osteomalacia in adults

Front 12

Fat soluble vitamins

Back 12

A, D, E, K

Front 13

Vitamin deficiency that could cause hemorrhage in infants

Back 13

Vitamin K

Front 14

Difference in macro and micronutrients

Back 14

Body requirements greater or less than 100mg per day

Front 15

What is Wilson's disease

Back 15

Too much copper is retained by body

Front 16

Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa

Back 16

- Self Induced Starvation (Psychological)
- Frequent binge eating then purging

Front 17

Three different protein energy malnutritions (PEM)

Back 17

-Marasmus (severe malnutrition)
-Kwashiorkor (protein deficient diet; orange, okra colored hair)
-Marasmic-kwashiorkor - combo

Front 18

What is Beriberi

Back 18

Thiamine, B1, deficiency
Weakness

Front 19

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Back 19

deficiency of B1 (mostly seen in alcoholics)

Front 20

Four Ds of Pellagra

Back 20

(Niacin deficiency)
Dermatitis
Diarrhea
Dementia
Death

Front 21

Easy bruising and easy bleeding due to what vitamin deficiency

Back 21

Vitamin C (Scurvy)

Front 22

Classic sign of teeth falling out

Back 22

Scurvy (severe vitamin c deficiency)

Front 23

Tx for iron overdose

Back 23

Gastric lavage

Front 24

Vitamin deficiency that effects ability to clot hemorage

Back 24

C, K

Front 25

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine):
Deficiency Conditions

Back 25

-Beriberi (muscle wasting)
-Wernickle syndrome (alcoholics)

Front 26

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin):
Deficiency Conditions

Back 26

-Cheilosis (inflammation and "cracks" of lips and tongue)

Front 27

Vitamin B3 (Niacin):

Deficiencies

Back 27

-Pellagra (4 D's)

Front 28

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine):
Function
Deficiencies

Back 28

-protein/carb metabolism, forms RBCs, nerve function
-rare; drug INH for TB

Front 29

Folic Acid:

Deficiencies

Back 29

-anemia and spinal bifida

Front 30

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin):
Function
Deficiencies

Back 30

-DNA synthesis, RBC maturation
-Pernicious anemia (lack intrinsic factor)

Front 31

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid):
Function
Deficiencies

Back 31

-formation of collagen; maintenance of bones, teeth, tendons; wound healing; infection
-Scurvy (inflammation gums, loss of teeth, hemoragic lesions, bone loss)

Front 32

Vitamin A (Retinol):

Deficiencies

Back 32

-night blindness, keratomalacia (softening of cornea)

Front 33

Vitamin D
Deficiencies

Back 33

-Rickets and osteomalacia

Front 34

Vitamin K
Function
Deficiencies

Back 34

-coagulation
-defective clotting, children born without ability to synthesis Vitamin K so it may have to be given parentally

Front 35

5 macronutrients

Back 35

carbs 1gm=4kcal
fats 1gm=9kcal
protein 1gm=4kcal
water 2L/day (sedentary)
fiber 20-30 gm/day

Front 36

Eating polar bear liver will OD you on what vitamin

Back 36

vit A Retinol

Front 37

Results in decreased wound healing and taste acuity

Back 37

Zinc def.

Front 38

binge-purge eating, realistic self image, laxative abuse

Back 38

bulemia

Front 39

distorted attitude to eating and weight, restricts calorie intake

Back 39

anorexia nervosa

Front 40

Iron def. s/s

Back 40

hypochromic, microcytic anemia (tiny RBCs)

Front 41

Iodine def sign

Back 41

endemic goiter

Front 42

to waste away

Back 42

cachexia