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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Epic of Gilgamesh |
Sumerian stories about the Gods. Pessimistic view of the afterlife. |
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Gilgamesh |
Noah figure of the sumerians. Epic of Gilgamesh. Part man, Part god. Fails and dies. (Real Gilgamesh was an actual ruler of Uruk) |
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Enkidu |
Best friend of Gilgamesh. Epic of Gilgamesh. |
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Enuma Elish |
Babylonian creation story. MIxing of two waters. Rebellion of younger gods vs. chief god. Triumph of Marduk over Tiamuk. Reflects rise of Babylon over Mesop. Rediscovered in ruins of palace of Ashurbanipal. |
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Law Code of Haummurabi |
Harsh and practical. Differed according to class. Influence of law code of Ur-nammu. |
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Tale of Sinuhe |
Middle Kingdom Egypt. Advisor hears plot to challenge succession of Senwosret I. Flees Egypt, eventually returns. Evokes feelings of nationalism. |
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The Book of the Dead |
Collection of spells. New Kingdom Egypt. |
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The Bible |
Israelites. Only record we really have of them. AKA Tanakh. |
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The Inscription at Bisitun |
About the Persian King Darius I. Uses genealogy and religion to assert legitimacy. Depicts himself as truth-teller as opposed to "The Lie" (Zoroastrian belief). |
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Sir Henry Rawlinson |
Brittish soldier. Cracked code of Ancient cuneiform through Bisitun Inscription. |
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The Avesta |
Sacred texts of Zoroastrians, written over long period of time. Truth vs. "The Lie". Similarities to The Bible. |
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Ahura Mazda |
Charecter in Zoroastrian "The Avesta". Good guy who fights against Angra Mainyu (Ahriman) |
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Gathas |
Seventeen hymns. Large, central section of The Avesta. |
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Yasna |
Large subsection of The Avesta. Liturgical texts of Zoroastrian religion. The Gathas makes up a significant part of the Yasna. |
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Hebrews |
Semi-nomadic, Semitic. Eventually became Israelites. |
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Abraham |
Hebres. Lived in Ur. Moved around rural areas of Canaan, then to Egypt by famine. |
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King Hezekiah |
Rebelled against assyrians. |
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Ezra |
Scribe and teacher of Jewish law. Tried to reform jews back to original law. |
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Cyrus the Great |
Overthrew Babylonian empire, and established Persian empire. Marked with religious tolerance. |
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Jews |
Emerged from Israelite people after Cyrus the Great (persians) allowed them to return to Jerusalem. |
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Civilization |
Marked by excess of food and specialized craftsmen. Writting. |
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Where is Catal Huyuk? |
Anatolia (Turkey). |
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Cuneiform |
Sumerian form of writting on baked clay tablets. Logographic symblols -not an alphabet. Eventually developed into a syllabic-based system. |
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Alphabet |
22 charecters developed by Phonencians. |
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Mesopotamian Polytheism |
Thousands of human-like, unjpredictable gods. Pessimistic view of life/afterlife. No conception of free-will. |
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Mythopoeism |
Explaining natural phenomena due to actions of the gods. |
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ZIggurat |
Step-pyramid temple to a city's patrom diety |
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Pharoh |
"great house". Egyptian king. Divine. Responsible for continuity. Taxation. Controlled foreign and domestic trade. |
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Horus |
Egyptian god depicted with a hawk-headed figure. Symbol of the Pharaoh. |
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The Battle of Quadesh |
Chariot battle between Hittites (from Anatolia) and New Kingdom Egypt over a border in Levant. Ramses II. Well-documented. Conflicts over this area continued until "Eternal Peace" signed in 1269 b/w Ramses and new Hittite king. |
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Ethical Monotheism |
Yahweh. Interested in humans. |
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Henotheism |
Belief in many gods, but worship of only one. |
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Babylonian Captivity |
Babylonians deported southern kingdom of Judah. Nebechadrezar. Pupet ruler Zedekiah put on throne in Jerusalem -eventually rebelled. Deported troublemakers to Babylonia. Ended with Cyrus the Great conquering. |
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Zoroastrianism |
Supported by achaemid kings of Persia. Ethical dualists (good vs. evil -Truth vs. the lie). Ahura Mazda. His viceroy was the persian king. Fire altars to burn away impurities. Influenced by scattered jews. |
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Fertile Crecent |
Area of land between Tigris and Euphrates river. |
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Zagros Mountains |
East of Mesopotamia |
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Arabian Desert |
West of Mesop. |
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Caucus Mountains |
North of Mesop. |
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Persian Gulf |
South of Mesop. |
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Zagros Mountains |
East of Mesopotamia |
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Location of Sumer |
Southern Mesopotamia |
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Sargon of Akkad |
Conqured Sumer. Established legitimacy by taking sumerian culture/religion. Left locan gov'ts alone as long as they paid taxes. 2334-2279 BC. |
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The Akkadians |
Semi-nomadic, Semitic people. Empire lasted only 100 years. Professional standing army, Permanent royal bureaucracy. Empire not city state -new standard of gov't. 2300- 2200 BC |
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Enheduanna |
Appointed cultic bride (Chief priestess) of Nanna (Moon God of southern Ur) by her father Sargon I. Set pattern for future conquerors. |
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Naram-Sin |
Sargon I grandson. Declared himself a god, initially didn't go over well but eventually accepted. Later Ur-nammu claimed his disrespectful behavior caused Gutians to sack the land. 2254-218 BC |
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Shulgi |
Son of Ur-Nammu. Declared himself a god. Took 2094-2947 BC |
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The Third Dynasty of Ur |
Founded by Ur-nammu. High level of administrative control, culture flourished. Political and cultural unity. 2100 to 2000 BC |
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Gudea |
Ruler of the city of Lagash. Wide influence in Sumeria. 2144-2124 BC |
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Gutians |
Semi-nomadic group from the east that sacked Akkadian capital. |
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Ur-Nammu |
Legitimized rule by claiming Guitians sent by Enlil to punish. |
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Elamites |
Eventually sacked the capital durring theThird Dynasty of Ur. |
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Ensi |
Governors of cities durring Third Dynasty of Ur. Used to administer and collect taxes. Drawn from local elites. |
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Amorites (Old Babylonians) |
Hammurabi. Unrivaled cultural glory, sci, art, lit flourished. Eventually sacked by Hittites.1900-1600 BC |
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Hammurabi |
Early Babylonian king. |
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Marduk |
Patron diety of Babylon. Originally a lesser god |
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Hittites |
Indo-European people from Anatolia. Sacked Babylon then returned home (don't ask me why) |
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Old Kingdom Egypt |
United under King Menes. Capitol was Memphis. Age of Pyramids. 2686 to 2181 BC |
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Middle Kingdom Egypt |
Capitol was Thebes. United under King Mentuhotep. Golden Age. Hidden tombs for pharaohs. 2055-1650 BC |
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New Kingdom Egypt |
United under Pharaoh Ahmose I. Imperial Age, military conquest, peak of power. Valley of the Kings. 1550-1070 BC |