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59 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Epic of Gilgamesh

Sumerian stories about the Gods. Pessimistic view of the afterlife.

Gilgamesh

Noah figure of the sumerians. Epic of Gilgamesh.


Part man, Part god. Fails and dies.


(Real Gilgamesh was an actual ruler of Uruk)

Enkidu

Best friend of Gilgamesh. Epic of Gilgamesh.



Enuma Elish

Babylonian creation story. MIxing of two waters. Rebellion of younger gods vs. chief god. Triumph of Marduk over Tiamuk. Reflects rise of Babylon over Mesop. Rediscovered in ruins of palace of Ashurbanipal.

Law Code of Haummurabi

Harsh and practical. Differed according to class. Influence of law code of Ur-nammu.

Tale of Sinuhe

Middle Kingdom Egypt. Advisor hears plot to challenge succession of Senwosret I. Flees Egypt, eventually returns. Evokes feelings of nationalism.

The Book of the Dead

Collection of spells. New Kingdom Egypt.

The Bible

Israelites. Only record we really have of them. AKA Tanakh.

The Inscription at Bisitun

About the Persian King Darius I. Uses genealogy and religion to assert legitimacy. Depicts himself as truth-teller as opposed to "The Lie" (Zoroastrian belief).



Sir Henry Rawlinson

Brittish soldier. Cracked code of Ancient cuneiform through Bisitun Inscription.

The Avesta

Sacred texts of Zoroastrians, written over long period of time. Truth vs. "The Lie". Similarities to The Bible.



Ahura Mazda

Charecter in Zoroastrian "The Avesta". Good guy who fights against Angra Mainyu (Ahriman)

Gathas

Seventeen hymns. Large, central section of The Avesta.

Yasna

Large subsection of The Avesta. Liturgical texts of Zoroastrian religion. The Gathas makes up a significant part of the Yasna.

Hebrews

Semi-nomadic, Semitic. Eventually became Israelites.

Abraham

Hebres. Lived in Ur. Moved around rural areas of Canaan, then to Egypt by famine.

King Hezekiah

Rebelled against assyrians.

Ezra

Scribe and teacher of Jewish law. Tried to reform jews back to original law.

Cyrus the Great

Overthrew Babylonian empire, and established Persian empire. Marked with religious tolerance.

Jews

Emerged from Israelite people after Cyrus the Great (persians) allowed them to return to Jerusalem.

Civilization

Marked by excess of food and specialized craftsmen. Writting.

Where is Catal Huyuk?

Anatolia (Turkey).



Cuneiform

Sumerian form of writting on baked clay tablets. Logographic symblols -not an alphabet. Eventually developed into a syllabic-based system.

Alphabet

22 charecters developed by Phonencians.

Mesopotamian Polytheism

Thousands of human-like, unjpredictable gods. Pessimistic view of life/afterlife. No conception of free-will.

Mythopoeism

Explaining natural phenomena due to actions of the gods.

ZIggurat

Step-pyramid temple to a city's patrom diety



Pharoh

"great house". Egyptian king. Divine. Responsible for continuity. Taxation. Controlled foreign and domestic trade.

Horus

Egyptian god depicted with a hawk-headed figure. Symbol of the Pharaoh.

The Battle of Quadesh

Chariot battle between Hittites (from Anatolia) and New Kingdom Egypt over a border in Levant. Ramses II. Well-documented. Conflicts over this area continued until "Eternal Peace" signed in 1269 b/w Ramses and new Hittite king.

Ethical Monotheism

Yahweh. Interested in humans.

Henotheism

Belief in many gods, but worship of only one.

Babylonian Captivity

Babylonians deported southern kingdom of Judah. Nebechadrezar. Pupet ruler Zedekiah put on throne in Jerusalem -eventually rebelled. Deported troublemakers to Babylonia. Ended with Cyrus the Great conquering.

Zoroastrianism

Supported by achaemid kings of Persia. Ethical dualists (good vs. evil -Truth vs. the lie). Ahura Mazda. His viceroy was the persian king. Fire altars to burn away impurities. Influenced by scattered jews.



Fertile Crecent

Area of land between Tigris and Euphrates river.

Zagros Mountains

East of Mesopotamia

Arabian Desert

West of Mesop.

Caucus Mountains

North of Mesop.

Persian Gulf

South of Mesop.

Zagros Mountains

East of Mesopotamia

Location of Sumer

Southern Mesopotamia



Sargon of Akkad

Conqured Sumer. Established legitimacy by taking sumerian culture/religion. Left locan gov'ts alone as long as they paid taxes. 2334-2279 BC.

The Akkadians

Semi-nomadic, Semitic people. Empire lasted only 100 years. Professional standing army, Permanent royal bureaucracy. Empire not city state -new standard of gov't. 2300- 2200 BC

Enheduanna

Appointed cultic bride (Chief priestess) of Nanna (Moon God of southern Ur) by her father Sargon I. Set pattern for future conquerors.

Naram-Sin

Sargon I grandson. Declared himself a god, initially didn't go over well but eventually accepted. Later Ur-nammu claimed his disrespectful behavior caused Gutians to sack the land. 2254-218 BC

Shulgi

Son of Ur-Nammu. Declared himself a god. Took 2094-2947 BC

The Third Dynasty of Ur

Founded by Ur-nammu. High level of administrative control, culture flourished. Political and cultural unity. 2100 to 2000 BC

Gudea

Ruler of the city of Lagash. Wide influence in Sumeria. 2144-2124 BC

Gutians

Semi-nomadic group from the east that sacked Akkadian capital.

Ur-Nammu

Legitimized rule by claiming Guitians sent by Enlil to punish.

Elamites

Eventually sacked the capital durring theThird Dynasty of Ur.

Ensi

Governors of cities durring Third Dynasty of Ur. Used to administer and collect taxes. Drawn from local elites.

Amorites (Old Babylonians)

Hammurabi. Unrivaled cultural glory, sci, art, lit flourished. Eventually sacked by Hittites.1900-1600 BC

Hammurabi

Early Babylonian king.

Marduk

Patron diety of Babylon. Originally a lesser god

Hittites

Indo-European people from Anatolia. Sacked Babylon then returned home (don't ask me why)

Old Kingdom Egypt

United under King Menes. Capitol was Memphis. Age of Pyramids. 2686 to 2181 BC

Middle Kingdom Egypt

Capitol was Thebes. United under King Mentuhotep. Golden Age. Hidden tombs for pharaohs. 2055-1650 BC

New Kingdom Egypt

United under Pharaoh Ahmose I. Imperial Age, military conquest, peak of power. Valley of the Kings. 1550-1070 BC