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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What was the purpose of Egyptian pyramids?
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burial for the kings to ensure a peaceful afterlife
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What was the first form of writing?
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cuneiform
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Which civilization developed cuneiform?
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Sumer
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What does Mesopotamia mean?
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land between 2 rivers
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What are the two rivers of Mesopotamia?
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Tigris and Euphrates
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Why did early people settle along river valleys?
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They offered fertile soil
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What does nomadic mean?
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wander
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Why were early hunter-gatherers nomadic?
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wander in search of food, water, shelter
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During what era was fire invented?
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Paleolithic
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What were the characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies?
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they invented the first tools, including simple weapons, learned how to make fire, lived in clans, developed oral language, and created cave art
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What was the Neolithic Revolution?
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People became food producers as they learned to farm and herd
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How did the beginning of agriculture change lives?
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advanced tools, pottery, specialization of labor, increased importance of government
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What is carbon dating used for?
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to date and analyze fossils and other remains
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Along what river did Egyptian civilization emerge?
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Nile
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Along what river did Sumerian civilization emerge?
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Tigris and Euphrates
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What is the Fertile Crescent?
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area of fertile soil from the Persian Gulf, through Mesopotamia to the Mediterranean sea
frequently invaded and ruled by many different civilizations over its history |
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Irrigation
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to supply dry land with water through channels, ditches and other man-made construction
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Surplus
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Extra
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Dynasty
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family of rulers
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Monarch
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king or queen who inherits power
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Pharaoh
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Egyptian ruler/king or queen
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centralized government
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to have the power in one person's control
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polytheistic
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belief in many gods
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codify
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to arrange or organize, especially in reference to laws
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cultural diffusion
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to spread goods and ideas frequently through trade
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Following the Stone Age, was this metallic age
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Bronze
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What metal replaced bronze for construction of tools and weapons
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iron
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Who was the Babylonian king who increased the power of his kingdom but is best known for his code of laws?
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Hammurabi
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Upon what principle were Hammurabi's code of laws built?
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an eye for an eye
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Polytheistic
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belief in many gods
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What are hieroglyphics?
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Egyptian form of writing
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Why was the Rosetta Stone an important archaeological find?
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it contributed greatly to our ability to decipher heiroglyphics
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The Old Stone Age is also known as--
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the Paleolithic Age
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The New Stone Age is also known as the--
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Neolithic Age
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What is a ziggurat?
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religious temple that was at the center of Mesoptomian city-states
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Which civilization built the Great Pyramids?
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Egypt
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Kush
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civilization in present-day Sudan along the Upper Nile that traded with Egypt and adopted a lot of Egyptian culture
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Delta
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fan-shaped area of fertile soil where a river empties into a larger body of water
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Sargon
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king of Akkad who conquered people of Mesopotamia building what many consider to be the first empire
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Narmer/Menes
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Egyptian king who united the Upper and Lower Kingdoms of Egypt marking the beginning of Egypt as a nation
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Why did governments begin in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia?
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to control the flow of the rivers (irrigation), offer protection, land distribution
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Kemet
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black land; what Egyptians referred to their nation as
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What was the major economic activity of the people of ancient river valleys like Egypt and Mesopotamia
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farmers
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Howard Carter
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discovered the tomb of King Tut
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Jean Fracois Champollion
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decoded the Rosetta Stone
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Why was Egypt called the Gift of the Nile?
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Without the Nile the people wouldn't have settled in this region...it provided them with fertile soil, food, transportation...in essence life.
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artisan
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a skilled craftsperson in a particular field
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city-state
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a city and its surrounding territories that functions as its own independent government (sovereign)
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agriculture
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cultivation of soil to produce crops, and raising livestock; farming.
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economy
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system production and distribution and consumption of a good, product or service
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political
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dealing with government
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