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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When does the neural plate form?
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Week 3 - its a thickened ectoderm
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What does the Neural Plate turn into?
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Neural Folds w/ neural groove
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What happens to the neural folds and neural groove?
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The neural folds fuse together and eventually from the "neural tube"
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Where does the neural fold fusion begin?
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somite 4 (future cervical level, and continues towards the caudal end)
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how many pairs of somites are present by day 31?
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42-44
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What do somites give rise to?
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the axial skeleton and musculature
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What does the neural crest cells give rise to?
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sensory/dorsal root ganglia of spinal nerves and cranial nervs V, VII, IX, and X
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What are the Anterior and Posterior Neuropores?
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openings of the neural tube at the cranial and caudal ends of the embryo
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Anterior neuropore Closes?
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at day 25 (18-20 somites)
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Anencephaly
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no head
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Microcephaly
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small head (anterior neuropore)
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Posterior Neuropore Closes?
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at day 27 (25 somites)
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Spina Bifida
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opening in the vertebral column (caused by failure of the posterior neuropore to close)
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When does the cranial tube undergo dilations?
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3 (or 4) weeks
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Prosencephalon
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forebrain
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Mesencephalon
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midbrain
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Rhombencephalon
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hindbrain
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Where does the Cervical Flexure take place?
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behind the hindbrain at the junction of the spinal cord
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Where is the cephalic flexure?
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within the midbrain
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Telencephalon (prosencephalon) becomes what?
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(mouse ears) becomes cerebral hemispheres and lateral ventricles
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Diencephalon (prosencephalon) becomes what?
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Becomse the thalmus (hyp and epi), post pituitary (ventral), pineal gland (dorsal) and the 3rd ventricle
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Metencephalon (rhombencephalon) becomes what?
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pons and cerebellum
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myelencephalon (rhombencephalon) becomes what?
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medulla
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Where is the narrow cerebral aquiduct?
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its the lumen between the 3rd and 4th ventricles
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What does the interventricular foreman (of monro) do?
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connects the 3rd and lateral ventricles
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Whats is the foramina of Luscka and Magendie?
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its where the 4th ventricle opens into the subarachnoid space
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Neuroepithelium:
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only cell type of neurotube
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What are the primitive nerve cells that neuroepithelium give rise to?
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neuroblasts
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What two layers does the neuroepithelium become?
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the mantle layer and the marginal layer
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Mantle layer becomes what?
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future grey matter, surrounds neuroepithelium
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What does the marginal layer become?
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future white matter, surrounds mantle layer
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Basal (motor) plates are found where?
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ventral horn
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Alar (sensory) plates are found where?
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Dorsal horn
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What seperates the Basal and Alar plates?
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sulcus limitans
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Where do the Neural Crest cells form?
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parallel to the neural groove
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What is the purpose of the Neural Crest cells?
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a.
i.Separate the neural tube from the surface ectoderm ii.Forms dorsal root ganglia of the sensory nerves & cranial nerves V, VII, IX, X iii.Differentiate into sympathetic neuroblasts, adrenal medulla, Schwann cells, melanocytes, odontocytes, meninges, pharyngeal arches |
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Which horn of the grey matter in sensory?
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dorsal horn
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which horn of the grey matter is motor?
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Ventral horn
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White matter is arranged into columns called what?
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funiculi
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General Somatic Efferent (GSE) of the basal motor plate does what?
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medial, innervate muscle, forms somatic motor column
1.CN XII |
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Special somatic afferent (SSA) of alar sensory plate does what?
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sensory from ear, CN VIII
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What two specialized components does the metencephalon form?
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Dorsal - Cerebellum (movement and equilibrium)
Vental - Pons (pathway between the cord, cerebellum, and cerebrum) |
