Mercy Pa Ophthalmology 2008

Front 1

the retinal, macula and optic disc are located within.

Back 1

the fundus

Front 2

the "blind spot" of the retina. Includes special photorecptors cones

Back 2

macula lutea

Front 3

optic disc

Back 3

where the optic nerve enters the globe.

Front 4

gland found in the margin of the eyelid. secretes lipids that add to the superficial layer of tear film. retarding evaporation.

Back 4

ciliary glands (glands of moll)

Front 5

gland that is found in the margin of the eyelid and produces oil that "services" the eyelash.

Back 5

gland of zeis

Front 6

muscle that ABducts the eye.

Back 6

lateral rectus. (LAB-LAT AB)

Front 7

muscle that ADducts the eye.

Back 7

Medial rectus (MAD-medial AD)

Front 8

muscle that elevates ABducts and rotates the eye medially.

Back 8

superior rectus (SLAB (SUPERIOR AND LATERAL RECTUS ABDUCT) and inferior oblique (works cooperatively with sup rec)

Front 9

muscle that depresses ADducts and rotates eye laterally.

Back 9

inferior rectus. (IMAD-INFERIOR AND MEDIAL RECTUS ADDUCT) and superior oblique (works cooperatively with inf rec)

Front 10

dilation is ___ inneveration

Back 10

sympathetic

Front 11

Nerve that innervates the levator palpebrae superioris, (superior, medial, and inferior rectus), inferior oblique.

Back 11

CN III (occulomotor)

Front 12

Nerve that innervates the superior oblique

Back 12

CN IV (trochlear)

Front 13

Nerve that innervates the lateral rectus

Back 13

CN VI (ABducens) (easy to remember with LAB (lateral rectus ABducts)

Front 14

Muller's muscle is ______ innervated.

Back 14

sympathetically

Front 15

suspensory ligaments from the lens to the ciliary body that helps to focus the lens.

Back 15

zonules

Front 16

where the retina ends and the ciliary body begins

Back 16

ora serrata.

Front 17

preganglionic syndrome that involves ptosis and miosis (involves a tumor of the upper part of the lung)

Back 17

Horner's or Pancoast Syndrome.

Front 18

technique performed when there is a corneal defect or abnormality is suspected

Back 18

florescein staining. (areas that a bright green show absent or diseased epithelium or conjunctiva

Front 19

nearsighted (genetic in origin). use a concave lens to correct.

Back 19

myopia (focused image is anterior to the retina)

Front 20

farsighted (genetic in origin). use a convex lens to correct.

Back 20

hyperopia (focused image is posterior to the retina)

Front 21

foodball shaped cornea that leads to multiple focal points. spherical lens correct.

Back 21

astigmatism

Front 22

decreased accomodation (caused by involution)

Back 22

presbyopia.

Front 23

Pt is >5. Pt exhibits loss of VA that cannot be corrected by glasses but is curable. Pt has misalignment in both eyes. Not fixing this problem will result in permanent...

Back 23

Amblyopia. It is caused by cataract, retinablastoma, or most commonly strabismus. THINK PEDES.

Front 24

Inward turn of the eye.

Back 24

ESotropia
-congenital (large deviation (40-50 prism diaopters (strabismic amblyopia)
Accomodative onset usually hyperopia (refractive amblyopia) THINK PEDES!

Front 25

This type of strabismus is esotropic, but the eye is fixed in every gaze but non-paralytic. The muscles in the eye are working properly, just not focusing on toward the same target. Done to overcome double vision and leads to strabismic amblyopia. 2ndary to cataract.

Back 25

Concomitant strabismus.

Front 26

This type of strabismus is paralytic or restrictive. There are varying misalignments in each gaze. involves CN III or VI NERVE Palsy.

Back 26

incomitant strabismus.

Front 27

name the four types of heterotropia:
inward, outward, upward, and downward,

Back 27

in order (...tropia):
eso(inward), exo(outward), hyper(upward), hypo(downward)

Front 28

during binocular viewing, both eyes are aligned perfectly, however when one eye is covered the eye will drift to its position of rest. Name this phenomenom.

Back 28

heterophoria. (test used is the cover test)

Front 29

describe corneal reflex.

Back 29

The spot where light reflects indicates the amount of alignment in both eyes.

Front 30

describe red reflex.

Back 30

light that is reflected off of the fundus by an opthalmoscope. White may indicated leukocoria ("white pupil") suggesting a cataract or retinoblastoma.

Front 31

lesion that results in monocular loss of vision (i.e. loss of vision in OD or OS)

Back 31

Optic Nerve (please review page 158-159 for diagram although i doubt Dr. Deguz will give us a picture)

Front 32

lesion that results in monocular loss of vision and contralateral impairment of the temporal field.

Back 32

optic nerve merging with chiasm (p 158-159)

Front 33

lesion that results in bitemporal hemianopia. (x| ) ( | x)
x- denotes no vision.

Back 33

optic chiasm. Hemianopia is loss of half the field of vision. (also pituitary adenoma) I think the pituitary gland is right above optic chiasm. Maybe andre the giant had bitemporal hemianopia.

Front 34

lesion that results in total homonymous hemianopia (usually noncongruous if incomplete) (x| ) (x| )
x- denotes no vision.

Back 34

optic tract or geniculate body (rarer)

Front 35

lesion that results in upper homonoymous hemianopia

Back 35

temporal lobe (sometimes caused by seizures and formed hallucinations) defect is complete or denser above

Front 36

lesion that results in lower homonymous quadrantanopia

Back 36

parietal lobe (defect is complete or denser below)

Front 37

lesion that results in homonymous hemianopias and homonymous scotomas

Back 37

occipital lobe.

Front 38

An area of abnoraml or absent vision with an otherwise intact visual field

Back 38

scotoma

Front 39

loss of half the visual field in both eyes.

Back 39

hemianopia

Front 40

Famous skater that won the gold in 1994 at lillehammer.

Back 40

Dan Jensen

Front 41

Would have a cooler last name if he changed it to "sane".

Back 41

Justin Joy

Front 42

loss of vision above or below the horizon

Back 42

altitudinal hemianopia

Front 43

An interesting fact to know about retrochiasmal lesions.

Back 43

90% of them are caused by strokes!

Front 44

Uncommon conjunctiva that results in mucopurulent.

Back 44

Bacterial conjunctivitis.

Front 45

conjunctiva that can penetrate intact epithelium. Think of me!

Back 45

gonococcal conjunctiva.

Front 46

conjunctiva with watery discharge and preauricular lymph nodes and pharyngoconjunctival fever.

Back 46

Viral conjunctivitis. Also Cat Scratch Feva looks presents with preaur L.N.

Front 47

inflammation of the eyelid. Oily discharge binds to the lashes.

Back 47

Staphylococcal blepharitis.

Front 48

acute redness that includes: young adults with mild pain, vessels blanch with neosynephrine drops. no discharge present.

Back 48

Episcleritis. (etiols: idiopathic, collagen, ra, infections, herpes)

Front 49

no discharge present. Bening growth of the conjunctiva.

Back 49

inflamed pterygium.

Front 50

no discharge present. Conjunctival yellow to white deposit next to the limbus (between the cornea and sclera)

Back 50

inflamed pinguecula

Front 51

no discharge present. Pain is deep, sever, often radiates ipsolateral. no blanching

Back 51

scleritis.

Front 52

lesion on the tip of the nose involves which nerve?

Back 52

CN V (tregeminal) (hutchingson's sign)

Front 53

Oppotunistic episode that involves the face and eye instead of usually the back. Name the nerves involved and why was this allowed to happen.

Back 53

1) Herpes Zoster. 2) CN V (Trigeminal) and CN III (oculomotor)
3) HIV or AIDS

Front 54

Severe ptosis of the UPPER eyelid and an inability to move the eye inward, upward, or downward. Eye is dilated and noresponsive.

Back 54

Third nerve palsy. (intracranial aneurysm)
-etiols: diabetes, hypertension, trauma, brain tumor.

Front 55

Difficulty in downgazings and may tilt the head townard to the opposite shoulder to minimize the diplopia.

Back 55

Fourth nerve palsy. etiol: closed-head trauma, also found in patients with small-vessel disease (i.e. DM and hpertension). Also congenital anomaly that presents in adults.

Front 56

Inability to abduct the eye.

Back 56

sixth nerve palsy, (abducens!)
etiols: 20% are tumor related, 40% are microvascular disease secondary to DM, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and hypercholesterolemia)

Front 57

small white patches on the retina.
etiols include: diabetic retinopathy, aids retinopathy (common), and malignant hypertensive retinopathy

Back 57

cotton wool spots (CWS)

Front 58

virus associated with aids and that is the leading cause of blindness in these pts.

Back 58

cytomegalovirus

Front 59

name two ways in which keratitis can opportunistically present.

Back 59

Aids and corticosteroids.

Front 60

copper and silver wiring in arterioles. Thickening and opacification of arteriole walls.

Back 60

hypertensive retinopathy