Mental Health - Test 1 - Ch. 2 - Theories

Front 1

psychoanalytic theories

who came up with the "Psychoanalytic" theory

-what is the etiology of this theory?

Back 1

freud

-unresolved childhood conficts

Front 2

psychoanalytic theories

what theory incoprorates the id, ego, and superego?

Back 2

freuds psychoanalytic theory

Front 3

psychoanalytic theories

what theory has the "levels of awareness", how the mind functions?

Back 3

freuds psychoanalytic theory

Front 4

psychoanalytic theories

what theory believes that "anxiety is an inevitable part of living"

Back 4

freuds psychoanalytic theory

inevitable meaning can't be avoided

Front 5

psychoanalytic theories

what theory has "defense mechanisms"

-what can the overuse of defense mechanisms cause:

Back 5

freuds psychoanalytic theory

developed by the ego to ward off anxiety by preventing conscious awareness of threatening feelings

reality distortions, maladjustment, and emotional development

Front 6

psychoanalytic theories

what theory includes psychosexual stages

Back 6

freuds psychoanalytic theory

Front 7

psychoanalytic theories

Freud: Psychoanalytic
-what is the focus of treatment:
-what should the nurse try uncovering?

Back 7

talking about difficult emotions promotes healing.

-uncovering unconscious material (repressed memories. emotions associated with trauma that are too difficult for the pt to deal with) that relates to the pts problems will cause improvement

Front 8

psychoanalytic theories

Freud: Psychoanalytic
-what is the benefit of
-implications for nursing:
-what should the nurse consider? what does that help the nurse identify?

Back 8

talk therapy (1 on 1 with the pt which focuses on attentive listening)

-personality formation influenced by diverse sources rooted in past events

-consider conscious and unconscious influences helps the nurse identify causes of pt suffering

Front 9

psychoanalytic theories

Who developed the "Ego Theory"
-what does it incorporate?

Back 9

Erikson

8 Stages of Development spans life cycle, personality develops

Front 10

psychoanalytic theories

what theory believed an individuals development is influenced by more than the limited mother-father child triangle and that culture and society exert significant influence on personality

Back 10

Eriksons ---Ego Theory

Front 11

psychoanalytic theories

what theory, believes personality is not set in stone at age 5 but develops throughout the lifespan

Back 11

Eriksons: Ego theory

Front 12

psychoanalytic theories

what theory, the success or unsuccessful completion of each stage will affect the individuals progression to the next.

Back 12

Eriksons: Ego theory

Front 13

psychoanalytic theories

what theory, the person who fails to navigate to a stage successfully is unable to gain a mastery of age-appropriate tasks, cannot make a connection with peers and will feel like a failure (inferiority)

Back 13

Eriksons: Ego theory

Front 14

psychoanalytic theories

etiology: unresolved psychosocial crisis causes emotional and behavioral problems

Back 14

Eriksons: Ego theory

Front 15

psychoanalytic theories

what is the main focus of treatment for Eriksons Ego theory?

-specificially, what is the focus on individuals?

Back 15

master tasks of stage

-individual responsibility, capacity for improving, tailor to developmental stage

Front 16

psychoanalytic theories

-what are the implications for nursing for Eriksons Ego theory (what should the nurse assess)

-what kind of interventions should the nurse aim for?

Back 16

assess developmental stage

directs the type of interventions most likely to be effective if congruent with the developmental level of pt

Front 17

theories

who came up with the "Interpersonal theory"

Back 17

Sullivan

Front 18

what do interpersonal theories believe that all psychiatric theories are influenced by:

waht is the goal:

Back 18

interpersonal interactions and social context.

The goal is to reduce or eliminate psychiatric symptoms by improving interpersonal functioning and satisfaction with social relationships

Front 19

theories

what theory, the purpose of all behaviors is to get needs met through interpersonal interactions and to decrease or avoid anxiety

Back 19

Interpersonal theory by Sullivan

Front 20

theories

what includes security operations

Back 20

Interpersonal theory by Sullivan

-security questions describe measures the individual employs to reduce anxiety and enhance security

Front 21

theories

security questions (sullivan) are similiar to Freuds defense mechanisms, how?

Back 21

both processes of which we are unaware of

both reduce anxiety

Front 22

theories

Etiology: unmet interpersonal security needs
-anxiety and self esteem issues

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Sullivans interpesronal theory

Front 23

theories

what includes anxiety transmitted interpersonally by empathy

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Sullivans interpesronal theory

Front 24

theories

problems in relationships

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Sullivans interpesronal theory

Front 25

theories

Focus of treatment:
Observe behavior in social framework

Back 25

-Sullivan: Interpersonal

Front 26

theories

Focus of treatment:
-complicated grief, role disputes, role transitions
-interpersonal deficits: inability to form or sustain close relationships

Back 26

Sullivan: Interpersonal

Front 27

theories

Implications for nursing:
-educate clients, assist in developing effective interpersonal relationships
-mutuality respect for the patient
-unconditional acceptance
-empathy

Back 27

Sullivan: Interpersonal

Front 28

theories

-authenticity: interact with client as an authentic human being

Back 28

Sullivan: Interpersonal

Front 29

theories

-what is the NURSING purpose of eriksons 8 stages of development:

Back 29

tells the nurse how to intervene with the patient

Front 30

theories

Interpersonal-Nsg

Back 30

Peplau

Front 31

theories

who founded the idea that the nurse-patient relationship is basis of nursing practice (what nurses do to patients to what nurses do with patients)

Back 31

Peplau: Interpersonal

Front 32

theories

-theory is concerned with the processes by which the nurse helps pts make positive changes in their health care status and well being and that illness offered a unique opportunity for experiential learning, personal growth, and improved coping strategies

Back 32

Peplau: Interpersonal

Front 33

theories

What theory, interpersonal relational model

Back 33

Peplau: Interpersonal

Front 34

theories

what includes self-awareness
-why is this essential?

Back 34

Peplau: Interpersonal

-self-awareness is essential on keeping the focus on the patient as well as keeping the social and personal needs of the nurse out of the nurse-patient conversation

Front 35

theories

what includes levels of anxiety

Back 35

Peplau: Interpersonal

Front 36

theories

-proposed an approach that both the nurse and patients observe in therapeutic conversation

Back 36

Peplau: Interpersonal

Front 37

theories

-believed it was essential for nurses to not only observe the behavior of the patient, but of themselves too

Back 37

Peplau: Interpersonal

Front 38

theories

-described levels of anxiety (mild, moderate, severe, and panic) on perception and learning

Back 38

Peplau: Interpersonal

Front 39

theories

-promoted interventions to lower anxiety with the aim of improving patients abilities to think and function at more satisfactory levels

Back 39

Peplau: Interpersonal

Front 40

theories

Etiology:
-relational problems
-nurse lacks self-awareness


-patient and nurse’s level of anxiety

Back 40

Peplau: Interpersonal

Front 41

theories

Focus of treatment:
-people
-setting
-structure
-emotional climiate

are all essential to healing

Back 41

Sullivan: Interpersonal

Front 42

theories

Implications for nursing:
-assess levels of anxiety effects on perception and learning
-intervene to lower anxiety
-self awareness: observe behavior of self and patient during interactions to keep focus on patient
-stages of nurse/patient relationship

Back 42

peplau: Interpersonal

Front 43

Behavioral Theories and therapies believe personality consists of:

-if the behavior changes, what else does?

-they way they emphasize the ways in which:

Back 43

learned behaviors.

-the personality.

- observable behavioral response are learned and can be modified in a particular environment

Front 44

who are the two behavioral theorists?

what do they focus on?

Back 44

-Watson & Skinner

the belief that behavior can be influenced through a process referred to as conditioning (involves pairing a behavior with a condition that reinforces or diminishes the behavior’s occurrence)

Front 45

theories

who created "Behaviorism" which he believed was more objective or measureable

Back 45

Watson

Front 46

theories

-can mold behavior by controlling environment

Back 46

Behaviorism: Watson

Front 47

theories

-contended that personality traits and responses –adaptive and maladaptive – were socially learning through classical conditioning

Back 47

Behaviorism: Watson

(ex: Watson stood behind little Albert, a 9 month old who liked animals, and made a loud nose with a hammer every time the infant reached for a white rat. after this experiment, little Albert became terrified at the sight of what fur or hair, even in the absence of a loud noise.

Front 48

theories

who concluded that behavior could be molded by controlling the environment and that anyone could be treated to be anything

Back 48

Behaviorism: Watson

Front 49

theories

"Operant Conditioning Theory"

Back 49

Skinner:

Front 50

theories

Etiology:
-problems come from learned behavior in the enviornment and have consequences

Back 50

watson and skiner

Front 51

theories

-believe behavior responses are elicited (to draw or cause) by positive and negative reinforcement

Back 51

Skinner: Operant Conditioning Theory

Front 52

theories

-negative reinforcement, such as the removal of an objectionable or aversive stimulus (walking freely through a park once the vicious dog is picked up by the dog catcher)

Back 52

Skinner: Operant Conditioning Theory

Front 53

theories

Focus of treatment:
-insight not needed
-positive or negative reinforcement

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behaviortal theories
(watson and skinner)

Front 54

theories
-who gave us the phases of the interview with the patient (orientation, working, termination)

Back 54

Peplau

Front 55

theories

Focus of treatment:
-modeling (pt learns through imitation)
-role playing

Back 55

Behavioral theories (watson, skinner)

Front 56

theories

what includes aversion therapy (punishment) used to treat behaviors like alcoholism,, sexual deviation, shoplifting, hallucinations, violent and aggressive behavior

Back 56

Behavioral theories (watson, skinner)

Front 57

theories

what includes systematic desensitization?

Back 57

Behavioral theories (watson, skinner)

-involves the development of behavioral tasks customized to the patient while using learned relaxation techniques (decrease stress with exercise)

Front 58

theories

Implications for nursing:
-change targeted behaviors
-behavior management

Back 58

Behavioral theories (watson, skinner)

Front 59

theories

Implications for nursing:

-behavior modification (positive reinforcement to increase desired behaviors)
-appropriate modeling

Back 59

Behavioral theories (watson, skinner)

Front 60

theories

Implications for nursing:
biofeedback –controls bodies physiological response to stress and anxiety

Back 60

Behavioral theories (watson, skinner)

Front 61

Cognitive Theories, proposed that there is a dynamic interplay between

Back 61

individuals and the environment.

Front 62

what kind of theorists believed that thoughts come before feelings and actions
------thoughts about the world and our place in it are based on our own unique perspective which may or may not be based on reality.

Back 62

cognitive theorists

Front 63

theories

who came up with "Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)"

Back 63

Ellis:

Front 64

theories

Who came up with "Cognitive-Behavioral Theory (CBT)"

Back 64

Beck

Front 65

theories

-the aim is to eradicate core irrational beliefs by helping people recognize thoughts that are not accurate, sensible, or useful.
-the thoughts tend to take the form of should “I should always be polite” and oughts “I ought to consistently win games” and musts “I must be thin”

Back 65

Ellis: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

Front 66

theories

-perception influences all thoughts, which in turn influences our behaviors

Back 66

Ellis: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

Front 67

theories

-the way people feel and behave is largely determined by the way they think about the world and their place in it

Back 67

Cognitive-Behavioral Theory (CBT)"

Front 68

theories

-we all have schemata (unique assumptions about ourselves, others, and the world around us)

Back 68

Cognitive-Behavioral Theory (CBT)"

Front 69

theries

Etiology:
-automatic thoughts (rapid, unthinking responses based on schemas are known as automatic thoughts. these responses are intense and frequent in psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety)
-faulty cognitions

Back 69

-Cognitive theories

Ellis: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

Cognitive-Behavioral Theory (CBT)"

Front 70

theories

Etiology:
-distorted thinking (lead to false assumptions and misinterpretations)
-irrational thoughts
-negative view of self, others, events

Back 70

cognitive theories

-ellis: rational emotive
-beck: cognitive behavioral

Front 71

theories

Focus of treatment:
-correct distorted thinking
-correct dysfunctional reliefs

Back 71

cognitive theories

-ellis: rational emotive
-beck: cognitive behavioral

Front 72

theories

Focus of treatment:
-reframe cognitive restructuring
-thought stopping
-thought substitution

Back 72

cognitive theories

-ellis: rational emotive
-beck: cognitive behavioral

Front 73

theories

Implications for nursing:

-assess patients perceptions and thinking
-assist in broadening perceptions and changing thoughts

Back 73

cognitive theories

-ellis: rational emotive
-beck: cognitive behavioral

Front 74

theories

Implications for nursing:
-help identify negative thought patterns
-challenge negative thoughts and replace with realistic thoughts

Back 74

cognitive theories

-ellis: rational emotive
-beck: cognitive behavioral

Front 75

theories

human potential and free will to choose life patterns that are supportive of personal growth.

Back 75

Humanistic Theories

Front 76

what kind of theories emphasize a person’s capacity for self-actualization

Back 76

Humanistic Theories

Front 77

what kind of theories focuses on understanding the patient’s perspective as they subjectively experience it

Back 77

Humanistic Theories

Front 78

theories

who came up with the "Humanistic Psychology Theory"

Back 78

Maslow

Front 79

theories

-conceptualized human motivation as a hierarchy of needs that are critical for the development of all humans

Back 79

Humanistic Psychology Theory" by Maslow

Front 80

theories

-assumption that humans are active, rather than passive participants in life, striving for self-actualization

Back 80

Humanistic Theories - Maslow

Front 81

theories

-focused on human need fulfillment which was categorized into six incremental stages

Back 81

Humanistic Theories - Maslow

Front 82

theories

-an emphasis on human potential and the patients strengths is key to successful nurse-patient relationships

Back 82

Humanistic Theories - Maslow

Front 83

theories

-motivation, active not passive in life, free will, growth, self actualizations (high productive/enjoyment)

Back 83

Humanistic Theories - Maslow

Front 84

theories

Etiology: if needs basic to existence are not met then tension, anxiety, discomfort evolve

Back 84

Humanistic Theories - Maslow

Front 85

theories

Focus of treatment:
-meet basic needs to resolve the tension associated with unmet needs before patient can focus on meeting higher level needs

Back 85

Humanistic Theories - Maslow

Front 86

theories


-emphasize human potential and strengths which are key to effective nurse-patient relationships


-prioritize nursing actions
learn the patients experience

Back 86

Humanistic Theories - Maslow

Front 87

what kind of theory focuses on neurological, chemical, biological, and genetic issues

Back 87

Biological model

Front 88

what kind of theory seeks to understand how the body and brain interact to create emotions, memories, and perceptual experiences

Back 88

Biological model

Front 89

theories

Etiology:
-physical in origin,
-located in the body (brain), a disease process or defect usually in the limbic system and synapse receptor sites of the CNS

Back 89

Biological model

Front 90

theories

-what views abnormal behavior as part of a disease process or a defect and seeks to stop or alter it

Back 90

Bilogical model

Front 91

theories

-seeks to understand how body and brain interact to create emotions, memories, perceptual experiences

Back 91

Biological model

Front 92

theories

Focus of treatment: correct the disease or defect in the brain (limbic system, synapse receptors sites of the CNS)
-treat with physical intervention (drugs, diet, surgery)

Back 92

Biological model

Front 93

theories

Implications for nursing:
-recognize and teach that psychiatric illnesses are physical in origin which decreases stigma and lifts self blame

Back 93

Bioligical model

Front 94

theories

Implications for nursing

-risk of focusing only on biological ignore other influences in development and treatment of mental/behavior (holistic approach)

Back 94

Biological model

Front 95

theories

who created "Mileau Therapy"

Back 95

Bruno Bettelheim

Front 96

theories

created a comfortable, secure environment, in which children were helped to form a new world

Back 96

"Mileau Therapy" -Bruno Bettelheim

Front 97

theories

-recognizes the people, setting, structure, and emotional climate as all important to healing

Back 97

peplau: interpersonal nsg

Front 98

theories

-emphasis on group and social interaction

Back 98

"Mileau Therapy" -Bruno Bettelheim

Front 99

theories

Etiology: Judgmental punitive environment

Back 99

"Mileau Therapy" -Bruno Bettelheim

Front 100

theories

Focus of treatment:
-all members of the environment contribute to planning and functioning of the setting, provide safe and effective environment

Back 100

"Mileau Therapy" -Bruno Bettelheim

Front 101

theories

Implications for nursing:
-assess and provide a safe and effective milieu (suicidal, manic, cognitively impaired)
-promote appropriate social interaction

Back 101

"Mileau Therapy" -Bruno Bettelheim

Front 102

theories

Implications for nursing:
-provide accepting emotional climate
-advocacy role

Back 102

"Mileau Therapy" -Bruno Bettelheim

Front 103

theories

what is this an example of:
-reframing (dad brings in his son and the problem is that the son is stealing from stores, friends, neighbors, family, and no matter what dad does, the kid has developed this habit of stealing and that’s all dad can focus on (not on his strengths) the therapist could say “do you think he’s stealing in an attempt to steal your attention and love?”)

Back 103

Cognitive Behavioral

-the points out the negative but also gives it a positive possibility. it can open ones eyes to another possibility

Front 104

theories

-about teaching social skills
-promoting social interactions
-advocating for pt

Back 104

Mileau Therapy

Front 105

NCLEX:

when you see "priority" think _______

Back 105

safety

Front 106

theories

their cognitions are based on attitudes or assumptions developed from previous experiences (these cognitions may be fairly accurate or they may be distorted)

Back 106

beck cognitive behavioral

Front 107

theories

perceivign the glass as half full or half empty

Back 107

ellis --- REBT

Front 108

theories

described negative thinking as an ABC process

Back 108

ellis ---REBT

Front 109

theories

"i must be thin"

"i should always be polite"

Back 109

ellis--- REBT

Front 110

theories

their cognitions are based on attitues or assumptions developed from previous experienes

Back 110

beck ---cogntiive behavioral

Front 111

theories

"the only person i can trust is myself"

Back 111

beck ---cognitive behavioral

Front 112

theories

schemata

Back 112

(unique asssuptions)

beck ---Cognitive behavoral

Front 113

theories

human potential and free will

Back 113

humanistic -maslow

Front 114

theories

focus should go beyond experience of hate, pain, misery, guilt, and conflict and include love, happiness, compassion, and well-being

Back 114

humanistic- maslow

Front 115

theories

this model helps establish what is the most important in sequencing of nursing actions in the nurse-patient relationship

Back 115

humanistc maslow