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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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It is important to remember that mental health and mental illness run on a _________ - it changes somewhat from day to day.
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continuum
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Mental health and mental illness are like the "Scales of Justice" because an increase in stress = _______________
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decrease in your immune system
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What theory includes the "nurture," or inorganic or functional, rationales?
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Psychoanalytic Theory
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What does the "nurture" issue imply?
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That significant people in a young person's life set the stage for a life of compensating
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What theory includes the "nature," or organic rationale?
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Psychobiologic Theory
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What does the "nature" issue imply?
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Altered mental status is a product of a genetic, physical, or neurochemical malfunction of the brain
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What are some medical tests that can be run to confirm or rule out the diagnosis of a mental illness?
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Blood work (to R/O electrolyyte imbalances dehydration, drug toxicity)
CT or MRI (to R/O tumors, lesions) PET scans (to identify how parts of the brain are functioning by showing chemical activity or metabolism) |
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What are some things you need to do as a nurse of a patient with mental illness?
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• let them get their feelings out
• explain any tests that are needed • have them talk to the Dr |
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The __________ theory considers the sympathoadrenal "fight or flight" responses to stress which cause anxiety
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Biologic
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The "fight or flight" responses to stress which cause anxiety are 1)
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1) Blood vessels constrict
2) Blood pressure rises 3) Heart rate increases 4) Pupils dialate |
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The __________ theory says that there is a conflict between the id and the superego which causes anxiety
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Psychoanalytic
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If their needs aren't met —> it leads to anxiety —>_____________ —>_____________ —>_____________
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—> anxiety —> action —> relieve tension
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In _____________ _____________ _____________, the anxiety itself is the expressed symptom or excessive worrying.
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Generalized anxiety disorder
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What are the S/S of generalized anxiety disorder?
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• Muscle aches • Shakes
• Palpitations • Dry Mouth • Nausea • Vomiting • Hot Flashes • Chills • Polyuria • Difficulty Swallowing |
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What is a state of extreme fear that cannot be controlled?
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Panic disorder
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What are the S/S of panic disorder?
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• Fear • Dissociation
• Nausea • Diaphoresis • Chest pain • Increased Pulse • Shaking • Unsteadiness • Dyspnea |
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What is the most common of the anxiety disorders and is defined as an "irrational fear"?
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Phobia
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It is the nurses job to expose a patient with phobia to the object they are afraid of. True or False
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False
It isn't the nurses job. |
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OCD is an anxiety disorder with two parts, they are?
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the Obsession and the Compulsion
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The repetitive thought, urge, or emotion is?
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Obsession
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The repetitive act that may appear purposeful is?
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Compulsion
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What is the anxiety disorder that is developed in response to an unexpected emotional or physical trama that could not be controlled?
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Post-Tramatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
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What is some ways a nurse can help a patient with PTSD?
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Encourage the expression of thoughts and feelings surrounding the experience and to validate the patient's feelings regarding the situation
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What is the main goal in patients with PTSD?
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For the patient to describe what led to the PTSD
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What are some nursing interventions for people with anxiety disorders?
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• Maintain open communication
• What is important to the patient • Model skills that assist in facing stressful situations |
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What should you do if your patient is having a panic attack?
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You should stay with the patient during the attack
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What is discharge teaching for people with anxiety disorders?
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Anxiety is something we all experience at one time or another
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The _______________ theory of mood disorders indicates that people who have suffered loss in their lives are those that develop depressions.
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Psychoanalytic
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The _______________ theory of mood disorders believe that the way people perceive events and situations lead to depression.
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Cognitive
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The _______________ theory of mood disorders believe that chemical imbalances and genetic links lead to depression.
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Biologic
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Approximately twice as many _________ as men report feeling depressed.
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woman
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What are the factors that affect the type of depression?
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Severity and duration of symptoms
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Approximately 2 million Americans suffer from _______________ depression (also manic-depressive)
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bipolar depression
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In the mania phase of bipolar depression what are some of the signs?
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•Excessive highs
•Sustained period of behavior •Increased energy, restlessness, racing thoughts •Decreased need for sleep •Unrealistic beliefs in one's abilities (self importance) |
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In the depression phase of bipolar depression what are some of the signs?
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•Persistant sad, anxious, or empty mood
•Feelings of hopelessness •Loss of interest in activities or sex •Decreased energy •Difficultly concentrating, remembering |
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What type of depression affects people over 45 and has been named empty nest syndrome?
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Involutional Depression
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What is some of the medical treatment for people with depressive disorders?
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Lithium
Antidepressants Psychotherapy ECT |
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What drug is most commonly used for the treatment of bipolar disorder?
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Lithium
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What are the signs of toxicity in Lithium use?
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severe diarrhea, persistent nausea & vomiting, muscle weakness, tremors, blurred vision, slurred speech, & seizures
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What are the nursing considerations for Lithium use?
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Keep all appointments to check blood work & evaluation of drug effectiveness
Inform Dr if dehydrated, have fever or illness because fluid and sodium are essential |
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What are the side effects of Lithium?
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thirst & dry mouth, nausea & vomiting, abdominal pain, & fatigue
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