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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Typical antipsychotics -effect |
-antipsychotic effect by inhibiting dopamine-mediated transmission of neural impulses at the synapses -also block cholinergic receptors -control positive symptoms of schizophrenia |
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Typical antipsychotics -extrapyramidal symptoms |
-pseudoparkinsonism (tremor, shuffling gait, drooling, rigidity) -akinesia (muscular weakness) -both usually occur 1-5 days after initiation of tx, esp. women, elderly, dehydrated |
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Typical antipsychotics -extrapyramidal symptoms |
-akathisia (continuous restlessness and fidgeting) -may occur 50-60 days following start of tx
-dystonia (involuntary muscular movements, spasms, of face, arms, legs) -most often in men, younger than 25 -treat as emergency |
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Typical antipsychotics -extrapyramidal symptoms |
-oculogyric crisis (uncontrolled rolling back of the eyes) -may be part of dystonia, may be mistaken for seizure -emergency, IV benztopine mesylate (Cogentin), stay with pt |
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Typical antipsychotics -extrapyramidal symptoms |
-tardive dyskinesia (bizarre facial and tongue movements, stiff neck, difficulty swallowing) -all clients on long-term therapy are at risk -may be irreversible -should be withdrawn at first sight (usually tongue movement) |
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Typical antipsychotics -Neuroleptic malignant syndrome |
-relatively rare but potentially fatal -routine assessments- observe for parkinsonian symptoms and check temp -symptoms- severe parkinsonian muscle rigidity, very high fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, fluctuations in BP, diaphoresis, rapid deterioration of ment status (stupor, coma) -discontinue med immediately -monitor VS, muscle rigidity, I&O, LOC |
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Atypical antipyschotics |
-weaker dopamine receptor antagonists -strong affinity for serotonergic receptors -target glutamate/glycine
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NIs for antipsychotic meds |
-caution when driving -do not stop taking abruptly -photosensitive (sunscreen) -weekly blood levels for clozapine -rise slowly -frequent sips of water, sugarless gum, hard candy, good oral care -dress warm in cold weather, avoid temp extremes (body temp harder to maintain) -avoid alcohol -don't take other meds w/o physicians approval -pregnancy- can cross placental barrier -carry card describing med |
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NT causes of schizophrenia |
-excess of dopamine-dependent neuronal activity in brain -manifestations of acute schizophrenia (ex: delusions, hallucinations)- r/t dopamine receptors and respond to antipsychotics that block those receptors -chronic symptoms (apathy, poverty of ideas) do not respond as well -glutamate/glycine |
