Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Drugs for partial seizures
|
Carbamezepine/Tegretol
Phenytoin/Dilantin Diazepam/Valium Primidone/Mysoline Valproic acid/Depakote |
|
|
Drugs for Absence seizures
|
Ethosuximide/Zarontin
Valproic acid/Depakote Clonazepam/Klonapin |
|
|
Generalized tonic clonic seizures
|
Diazepam/Valium
Phenytoin/Dilantin Carbamezepine/Tegretol Phenobarbital/Phenobarb Primidone/Mysoline |
|
|
Status epilepticus drugs
|
Diazepam/Valium
Phenobarbital/Phenobarb |
|
|
Barbiturate anticonvulsant enhances GABA activity and has a very long half life
|
Phenobarbitol/Phenobarb
|
|
|
What are the side effects of Phenobarb?
|
CNS depression, drowsiness, lowered IQ scores in children on chronic treatment.
|
|
|
Barbiturate anticonvulsant with Phenobarbitol as a known metabolite. Half life of it's metabolites is >48 hours.
|
Primidone/Mysoline
|
|
|
What are the side effects of Primidone?
|
Nausea, anorexia, headache, vertigo, ataxia. Category D
|
|
|
Benzodiazepine anticonvulsant Indicated for Status epilepticus, anxiety, and panic disorder
|
Diazepam/Valium
|
|
|
Benzpdiazepine anticonvulsant similar to Diazepam, long acting
|
Clonezepam/Klonapin
|
|
|
What are the side effects of Clonazepam?
|
Drowsiness, altered mentation, addictive
|
|
|
Anticonvulsant that reduces sodium and calcium currents across neuronal membranes. Indicated for prophylaxix for seizures
|
Phenytoin/ Dilantin
|
|
|
What are the side effects of Dilantin?
|
Nystamus, ataxia, gingival yperplasia, possible hepatotoxicity and possible bone marrow suppression. Need Folic acid supplementation
|
|
|
Anticonvulsant used to prophylax seizures and treat chronic pain disorders, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
|
Carbamezepine/Tegretol
|
|
|
What are the side effects of Tegretol?
|
Vertigo, n/v, aplatic anemia, induction of CYP 450 system.
|
|
|
What drug is CI with concurrent use of Tegretol?
|
MAOIs
|
|
|
Anticonvulsant used to treat all seizure types, bipolar disorder, and chronic pain syndrome. Associated with anencephaly in developing fetus. Cat X
|
Valproic acid/Depakote
|
|
|
What are the side effects of Valproic acid/Depakote?
|
nausea, insomnia, anxiety, birth defects
|
|
|
Anticonvulsant indicated in the use of absence seizures. MOA involves T-type calcium ion channels.
|
Ethosuximide/Zarontin
|
|
|
What are the side effects of Ethosuximide/Zarontin?
|
headache, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, ataxia, blurred vision, confusion, skin rashes, insomnia, gingival hyperplasia, hepatotoxicity, and lupus-like syndrome.
|
|
|
Anticonvulsant, atypical analgesic, potentiates GABA and affects N-type sodium channels
|
Gabapentin/Neurontin
|
|
|
Side effects of Gabapentin are
|
Somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, h/a, oher CNS side effects
|
|
|
Anticonvulsant that stabilizes neurons by decreasing sensitivity to the excitatory effects of glutamate and aspartate.
|
Lamotrigine/Lamactil
|
|
|
What are the side effects of Lamactil?
|
dizziness, h/a, diplopia, somnolence and ataxia
|
|
|
Dr. Miller's medication recommendations for seizures:
|
Partial & Grand mal: Phenytin
Absence: Ethosuximide Myoclonic: Valproic acid or Clonazepam Febrile: Phenobarbital Status Epilepticus: Phenobarbital or Valium |
|
|
Hypertensive emergencies and fatal accelerated hypertension are associated with the intake of Tyramine and concurrent use of:
|
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
|
|
|
Side effects associated with Monoamine oxidase inhibitors include
|
weakness, dizziness, headaches, tremors, and potential for marked hypertension
|
|
|
What class of drugs can potentiate the effects of sympathomimetics such as norepinephrine?
|
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
|
|
|
Examples of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors include:
|
Tranylcypromine/Parmate
Phenelzine/Nardil Isocarcarboxazid/Marplan Selegiline/Eldepryl |
|
|
This class of antidepressants works via diminished reuptake of monoamine neurotransmitters and subsequent down regulation of postsynaptic receptors
|
Tricyclic antidepressants
|
|
|
Indications for the use of tricyclic antidepressants include:
|
OCD, enuresis, panic attacks, chronic pain, migraine h/a, and depression
|
|
|
What are the chief side effects of tricyclic antidepressants?
|
anti-cholinergic signs and symptoms: dry mouth, constipation, urinary hesitancy, orthostatic hypotension, and sedation
|
|
|
What class antidepressant of drugs should not be taken concurrently with tricyclic antidepressants?
|
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
|
|
|
Tricyclic antidepressant indicated in the treatment of major depression, bipolar disorder, migraine and tension headaches, and chronic pain
|
Amitryptyline/Elavil
|
|
|
What are the side effects of Amitriptyline/Elavil?
|
Dizziness, marked drowsiness, anticholinergic effects.
|
|
|
The most commonly prescribed class of antidepressant drugs. MOA blockade of serotonin reuptake at the pre-synaptic terminal which results in the subsequent increased level of serotonin
|
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
|
|
|
Side effects of SSRIs include
|
dizziness, nausea, headache, fatigue, diarrhea, anxiety, insomnia, and impotence
|
|
|
SSRI indicated for treatment of major depressive disorder, OCD, bulimia, and panic disorder
|
Fluoxetine/Prozac
|
|
|
Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used for the treatment of major depressive disorder, general anxiety disorder, painful peripheral neuropathy and fibromyalgia
|
Duloxetine/Cymbalta
|
|
|
Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor and nicotine receptor antagonist
|
Bupropion/Wellbutrin
|
|
|
What are the side effects of Wellbutrin?
|
H/A, insomnia, dry mouth, tremors, restlessness, agitation, anxiety, sweating, and dizziness.
|
|
|
What nutrient deficiency is linked with depression?
|
Folic acid
|
|
|
MTHF supplement used in the treatment of depression
|
Levomefolic acid/Deplin
|
|
|
Typical/first generation antipsychoics
|
Phenothiazines, Thioxanthenes, Butyrophenones
|
|
|
Atypical antipsychotic medications
|
Butyrophenones, Dibenzodiazepines, Thienobenzodiazepines, Benzisoxazoles
|
|
|
What is the MOA of neuroleptic drugs?
|
blockade of dopamine receptors in the brain
|
|
|
Common adverse effects of neuroleptic drugs include
|
Tremors/Parkinsonian effects
Tardive dyskinesia Postureal hypotension Adrenergic effects Sexual dysfunction Increased prolactin release Drowsiness |
|
|
What disorder is fatal without discontinuation of the associated drug and treatment with Bromocriptine and is characterized by catatonia, fluctuating blood pressure, dyarthria, and fever
|
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
|
|
|
What is Tardive dyskinesia?
|
Involuntary movements that can appear or continue after antipsychotic drugs have been discontinued.
|
|
|
Typical neuroleptic drug that words via D2 dopaminergic receptor blockade, adrenergic blockade, and H1 blockade
|
Chlorpromezine/Thorazine
|
|
|
Typical neuroleptic that works primarily as a HI antagonist, an adrenergic receptor antagonist, and D2 receptor antagonist. Used to treat n/v associated with migraine h/a
|
Prochlorperazine/Compazine
|
|
|
Typical neuroleptic blocks D2 dopaminergic receptor sites and is indicated in acute agitated behavior
|
Haloperidol/Haldol
|
|
|
Atypical neuroleptic, Blocks D2 and 5-HT2 receptors
|
Clozapine/Clozaril
|
|
|
Side effects of Clozaril
|
diminished extrapyramidal side effects, Agranulocytosis, Myocarditis
|
|
|
Atypical neuroleptic associated with weight gain, increased risk of stroke, exact MOA unknown
|
Respiradone/Risperdal
|
|
|
Atypical neuroleptic, blockade of D2 and 5-HT2 receptors associated with weight gain, hyperglycemia, and increased risk for stroke
|
Olanzapine/Zyprexa
|
|
|
Lithium salt used to treat manic episodes and bipolar disorder
|
Lithium carbonate/Eskalith
|
|
|
What conditions are associated with the use of lithium salts?
|
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, hypothyroidism, weight gain, seizure, cardiotoxicity
|
|
|
Ultra-short acting barbiturate
|
Thiopental/Pentothal
|
|
|
Short acting barbiturate
|
Pentobarbital/Nembutal
|
|
|
Intermediate-acting barbiturate
|
Butalbital/Fiornal
|
|
|
Long-acting barbiturates
|
Phenobarbital/Luminal
|
|
|
Long-acting barbiturates
|
Phenobarbital/Luminal
|
|
|
How do Benzodiazepines work?
|
Binding a site near the GABA site enhancing the affinity for endogenous GABA
|
|
|
Short-acting benzodiazepine used for sedation and anziety prior to procedures such as upper and lower GI endoscopy
|
Midazolam/Versed
|
|
|
Benzodiazepine-like drug used in the treatment of insomnia
|
Eszopiclone/Lunesta
|
|
|
Melatonin agonist used as a sedative hypnotic
|
Ramelteon/Rozerem
|
|
|
Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that can rapidly reveres the effects of benzodiazepines
|
Flumazenil/Romazicon
|
|
|
Centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to treat Alzheimer's disease
|
Donepezil/Aricept
|
|
|
Commonly experienced side effects of Donepezil/Aricept include
|
Bradycardia, nausea, diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal pain, and vivid dreams
|
|
|
What drug potentially increases vocabulary and expressive language of children affected with autism?
|
Donepezil/Aricept
|
|
|
Centrally acting reverisble acetylcholinesterase inhibitor approved for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia due to alzheimer's and parkinson's disease
|
Rivastegmine/Exelon
|
|
|
What drug shows marked treatment benefit in dementia patients showing a more aggressive course of disease such as those of a younger age of onset, poor nutritional status, or those experiencing delusions/hallucinations?
|
Rivastegmine/Exelon
|
|
|
Indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and mild to moderate vascular dementia. Has been use as a "brain enhancer"
|
Galantamine/Razadyne
|
|
|
Acetylcholinesterase OD is associated with what syndrome?
|
SLUDGE
Salivation Lacrimation Urination Defecation GI upset Emesis |
|
|
Blocks NMDA glutamate receptors associated with at moderate decrease in clinical deterioration in Alzheimer's disease
|
Memantine/Namenda
|
