Mental Health

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Somatic symptom disorders

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characterized by physical symptoms suggesting medical disease butwithout demonstrable organic pathology or a known pathophysiological mechanismto account for them.

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Dissociative disorders

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definedby a disturbance of or alteration in the function of consciousness, memory, and identity. Responsesoccur when anxiety becomes overwhelming and the personality becomesdisorganized. Defense mechanisms that normally govern consciousness, identity,and memory breaks down

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Somatic symptom disorder (2)

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chronic syndrome of multiplesomatic symptoms that cannot be explained medically and are associated with psychosocial distress andlong-term seeking of assistance from health-care professionals. Symptomsmay be vague, exaggerated, or dramatized. These individuals are often irritatedby any implication that stress or psychosocial factors play any role in theircondition.

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Somatic symptom disorder (cont.)

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•Thedisorder is chronic withperiods of remission and exacerbation.•Anxiety,depression, and suicidal ideations are frequently manifested.•Drugabuse and dependence are common as they seek relief through overmedicating withanalgesics and antianxiety

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•Illness-Anxiety Disorder

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•Unrealistic or inaccurate interpretation of physical symptoms orsensations, leading to preoccupation and fear of having a serious disease. Anxietyare extremely conscious of bodily sensations and changes

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•Conversion Disorder

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•Loss of or change in body function that can’t be explained by anymedical condition. pseudopregnancy, paralysis, seizures (Mostsymptoms from conversion disorders resolve within a few weeks)

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•Factitious Disorder

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•Conscious, intentional feigning of physical or psychological symptomsin order to receive care and support commonly associated with being a “patient” akaMunchausen (may even inflict pain)

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Dissociative amnesia

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•An inability to recall important personal data that is too extensive tobe explained by ordinary forgetfulness •Not due to the direct effects of substance use or a general medicalcondition •Onset usually follows severe psychosocial stress•Termination is usually abrupt & followed by complete recovery

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•Dissociative fugue

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•A sudden, unexpected travel away from home or customary place of dailyactivities••The individual is unable to recall personal identity and assumption ofa newidentity is common

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•Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

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•Characterized by existence of two or more personalities within a singleindividual•Transition from one personality to another usually sudden, oftendramatic, and usually precipitated by stress

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•Depersonalization - Derealization disorder

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•Characterized by a temporary change in the quality of self awareness•Feelings of unreality•Changes in body image•Feelings of detachment from the environment•Sense of observing oneself from outside the body

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Depersonalization

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defined as a disturbance in the perception of oneself.

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Derealization

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•described as an alteration in the perception of the externalenvironment.

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Localized amnesia

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•inability to recall all incidents associated withthe traumatic event for a specific period following the event

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Selective amnesia

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•inability to recall only certain incidents associatedwith a traumatic event for a specific period following the event

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Continuous amnesia

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•inability to recall events occurring after a specific time up to and includingthe present

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Generalized amnesia

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•: inability to recall anything that hashappened duringthe individual’s entire lifetime, including personal identity

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Systematized amnesia

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•inability to recall events relating to a specific category ofinformation, such as one’s family or one particular person or event

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Nursing care of the individual with a somatoform disorder

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•aimed at relief of discomfort from the physical symptom.•Assistance is provided to the client in an effort to determinestrategies for coping with stress by means other than preoccupation withphysical symptoms.

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Nursing care for the client with a dissociative disorder

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aimed at restoring normal thought processes. •Assistance is provided to the client in an effort to determinestrategies for coping with stress by means other than dissociation from theenvironment.