Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Mental health vs mental illness (traits)
|
self-motivation - loneliness
concern - isolation fulfillment - fear caring - dependency joy - insecurity love - resentment friendship - jealousy trust - anxiety |
|
|
Stages of stress
|
Alarm stage - short-term, life-preserving response (fight-flight), sympathetic nervous system is stimulated
stage of resistance - occurs after alarm stage and involves return to more normal functioning stage of exhaustion - occurs when the person is unable to continue to adapt to internal and external demands |
|
|
types of anxiety disorders
|
generalized anxiety disorder
panic disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder phobia PTSD |
|
|
Affective (mood) disorders
|
major depression
dysthymic depression melancholia bipolar disorder |
|
|
Personality disorders
|
borderline
paranoid dependent narcissistic passive-aggressive or negativistic personality disorder antisocial/sociopath histrionic personality disorder avoidant personality disorder |
|
|
schizophrenia
|
psychosis
|
|
|
4 A's of schizophrenia
|
associative looseness - interpretation of reality is disorganized and fragmented
autism - focusing exclusively on his or her own feelings ambivalence - + or - feelings at the same time toward person or object affect - feeling stage, usually flat with no expression or inappropriate giggling or laughing |
|
|
word salad
|
jumbled words
|
|
|
neologisms
|
made up words
|
|
|
echolalia
|
repetition of words or phrases
|
|
|
delusions
|
false beliefs
|
|
|
delusions
Ideas of reference |
when maria saw the doctor and nurse talking together, she believed they were talking against her.
when she heard on the radio that a hurricane was coming, she believed this to be a message that "bad weather" or harm was going to befall her. |
|
|
delusions
delusions of persecution |
Sam believed that the secret service was planning to kill him. He became wary of what food he ate because he believed that the secret service was poisoning his food.
|
|
|
delusions
delusions of grandeur |
sally believed that she was mary magdalene and that jesus controlled her thoughts and was telling her how to save the world
|
|
|
hallucinations
|
auditory - anna hears the voice of her dead mother call her a baby
visual - charles, who is experiencing alcohol w/d delirium, "sees" hungry rats coming toward him olfactory - theresa "smells" her insides rotting gustatory - sal will not eat his food because he "tastes" the poison the FBI is putting in his food tactile - a paranoid individual feels electrical impulses controlling his mind, A person experiencing alcohol withdrawal delirium "feels" snakes crawling on his body. |
|
|
Types of schizophrenia
|
catatonic
paranoid disorganized |
|
|
Somatoform disorders
|
conversion disorder
hypochondriasis Body dysmorphic somatization somatoform pain (psychalgia) |
|
|
Psychosexual disorders
|
transvestic fetish
gender disorders paraphilias (gross impairment in the capacity for affectionate sexual activty between adult human partners) fetishism zoophilia pedophilia exhibitionism sexual sadism sexual masochism |
|
|
Sedatives/Hypnotics
|
sedatives - primary purpose is to produce relaxation and decrease the levels of anxiety
hypnotics - primary purpose of which is to induce sleep (tx insomnia) |
|
|
sedatives actions
|
-depression of the limbic system of brain
-increase in the effectiveness of the inhibitory neurotransmitters -suppress CNS |
|
|
benzodiazepines
|
action: primary action on limbic system of the brain. Suppress the response to conflict or aggression, produce muscle relaxation and control induced seizures.
check BP prior to adm: if systolic drops 20mmHG do not admin and notify MD versed - pre-anesthesia, ativan - thick 1mg/.5mL romazicon - reversal agent |
|
|
barbituates
|
action: exact action unknown
seconol phenobarbital |
|
|
Misc sedatives/hypnotics
|
chloral hydrate (oldest)
ambien phenergan (pre-op for peds) visteril - when admin IM use Z track method to prevent tissue irritation |
|
|
tricyclic antidepressants
|
action: block the reuptake of the neurohormones norepinephrine and serotonin which results in stimulation of CNS
Elavil (amitriptyline) Tofranil (imipramine) adverse: sedation, dry mouth |
|
|
MAOIs
|
inhibit the activity of monoamine oxidase, a complex enzyme system that is responsible for breaking down amines. This results in increase in endogenous epinephrine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in nervous system.
Nardil (phenezine) *hypertensive crisis may occur when foods containing tyramine are eaten: aged cheese, beef or chicken livers, some meats, meat tenderizers, some sausages, imported beers and ales, red wine, figs, bananas, raisins, soy sauce, and avocados earliest symptom of hypertensive crisis: HA, followed by stiff sore neck, n/v, sweating, fever, c/p, dilated pupils, and bradycardia or tachycardia |
|
|
phenothiazines
|
action: blocks dopamine in limbic system inhibiting transmission of neural impulses, also inhibit chemoreceptors in medulla
chlorpromazine (thorazine) thioridazine HCl (mellaril) prochlorperazine (compazine) - nausea *neuroleptic malignant syndrome: high fever, confusion, muscle rigidity, high serum creatine kinase - can be deadly *blood dyscrasias - agranulocytosis *WBC destruction and infection |
|
|
butyrophenones
|
Haldo (haloperidol)
adverse: EPS, restlessness, pseudoparkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia (d/c med), dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, blood dyscrasias, photosensitivity, heat intolerance |
|
|
anafranil, clozaril, zyprexa, seroquel, risperdal, geodon
|
psychotic disorders, OCD, bipolar
|
|
|
antipsychotics - nrsg considerations
|
-pt education related to SE
-monitor v/s, I&O, s/s infection, bowel status -LFTs -stress COMPLIANCE -client may become resistant -GOOD ORAL HYGIENE (s/t dry mouth) -avoid other CNS meds -take as directed -use with caution with seizure disorder -if Tardiv Dyskinesia d/c drug (or taper per orders - highest incidences of this found in pts receiving antiparkinson agent with antipsychotic meds) -ALWAYS inspect oral cavity to make sure drugs swallowed |
|
|
Antimanics - Lithium
|
bipolar, mania
common: tremors, nausea, vomiting, thirst, polyuria *Toxic rxn may be seen when serum lithium levels reach > 1.5mEq/L *1.5-2: N/V/D, drowsiness, muscular weakness, lack of coordination (EARLY SIGNS TOXICITY) 2-3: giddiness, ataxia, blurred vision, tinnitus, vertigo, increasing confusion, slurred speech, blackouts, myoclonic twitching, agitation, manic-like behavior, hyperreflexia, hypertonia, dysarthria >3: complex clinical picture involving organs and organ systems - seizures, arrhythmias, hypotension, peripheral vascular collapse, stupor, muscle group twitching, spasticity, coma 0.6-1.2 mEq/L for older adults 0.8-1.4 mEq/L for adults **FLUIDS to 3000mL/day (normal Na+ intake of 3-4 g/d) draw blood for level 12 hours after last dose avoid dehydration |
|
|
parkinson's
|
a chronic, progressive, degenerative condition that affects the CNS. Caused by depletion, degeneration, or destruction of dopamine in the basal ganglia of the brain.
deficiency of dopamine in relation to amount of acetylcholine |
|
|
Dopamine vs Acetylcholine
|
dopamine decreases activity of the involuntary neurons and muscles of CNS
acetylcholine increases activity of the involuntary neurons and muscles of CNS |
|
|
parkinson's therapy
|
goal of med therapy is to increase dopamine or decrease acetylcholine in the brain.
thus: 2 main types of drugs to tx parkinson's dopaminergics and anticholinergics |
|
|
dopaminergics (dopamine supplements)
|
control symptoms
Symmetrel (amantadine) Sinemet (levodopa-carbidopa) L-dopa (levodopa) SE: adrenergic (stim) choreiform, bradykinesia, dyskinesia, agitation, ataxia, confusion, hallucinations, insomnia, and dizziness levodopa SE: anorexia, N/V, ortho hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias, and abrupt changes in motor function amantadine: bluish skin color on legs levodopa CI in narrow angle glaucoma |
|
|
anticholinergics
|
increase proportion of dopamine in relation to acetylcholine by decreasing acetylcholine, inhibits acetylcholine
blocks some effects of ACT, blocks effects of parasympathetic system allowing sympathetic to take over used in early stages of dz, helps to control drooling, muscle stiffness and rigidity, may be used with levodopa in later stages Cogentin Artane Benadryl |
|
|
analeptics
|
Doxapram, Caffeine - stimulate the resp center of CNS, results in increase in depth of respirations. Larger doses increase respiratory rate by stimulating medulla.
uses: tx of drug induced resp depression and for temp tx of respiratory depression in chronic pulmonary dz, stimulate deep breathing in post anesthesia pt given IM or IV |
