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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Milieu
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Creating a therapuetic evironment, nursing interventions
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Differential Diagnosis
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-Generalized Anxiety Disorder
-Panic Disorders -Phobias -Obsessive Compulsive Disorder |
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Antimanic drugs (LITHIUM)
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Action: unknown
Uses: bipolar deprssn and manic depressive illness Side effects: thirst, dry mouth, fatigue, abdominal pain Examples: Ekalith, Lithonate Nursing considerations: monitor dosage, no exceed 1.5 (normal level is .4 to 1.0) toxic = confusion, muscle twitch, stuor, coma; educate no increase NA+ (salt) Bld monitor |
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Techniques used in psychotherapy
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-Free association (say what come to mind)
-Dream Analysis (dream log) -Hypnosis (relaxation) |
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Antianxiety Agents (minor tranquilizers)
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Action: depress actv of cerebral cortex, habit forming
Uses: relieve stress, anxiety and neurotic behavior Side Effects: unable to concentrate, headache, dizziness, lethargy, hypotension Examples: (antihistamines, benzodiazapines) Librium, Valium, Buspar, Ativan, Xanax Nuring Considerations: monitor BP, give at bedtime, Educate |
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Stimulants (Amphetamines)
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Action: direct stimulant of central nervous system
Uses: sleep disorders, and ADD in children Side effects: irrregular heartbeat, dry mouth, depression Examples: Ritalin, Dexatrim, OTC (cigs, sleep aid...) Nursing considerations: Educate, frequent fluid |
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common side effects of Antidpressents
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-sedation
-dry mouth -vertigo -bld disease -constipation -sexual dysfunction -low BP/hypotension |
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Psychotherapy
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Form of treatment chosen by psychologist/psychiatrist to treat an individual
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parkinsonism
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(ESPE)...drooling, fatique, mask-like facial expression, muscle rigidity
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psychoanalysis
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(Freud)
-attempt to take pt into past -focus on cause of problem buried in unconscious |
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Antidepressant side effects show up in ? to ? to ?
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show in 2 to 3 wks
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Goals of Psychotherapy
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-Decrease emotional discomfort
-increase socail functions -increase appropriate manner performance |
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Dystonia
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(EPSE)...distortions of muscle groups, muscle spasm (head and neck) and difficulty swallowing
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Humanistic Therapy
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(Person Centered Therapy)
(Maslow, Rogers) -focus on whole person -Work in present time |
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MAOI's or Monoamine Oxidase inhibitors (Tetracylic antidepressents)
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Action: prevent metabolism of monamine oxidase
Uses: Treat depression Examples: Nardil, Marplan, Parnate Side effects: High BP, headache, dizzy, wght gain... Nursing considerations: AVOID food high in Tyrmine (aged cheese, eggs, soy sauce, yogurt, sour cream, certain beer and wines, bananasm avocados)which can lead to High BP crisis) |
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Behavior Modification
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(Skinner, Pavlov)
-decrease negative behavior -replace negative with positive |
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Cylic (bicylic antidepressant...SRI's or serontonin reuptake inhibitors)
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Action: increase seretonin levels
Uses: treat depression side effects: dependence, low BP, dry mouth, sedation, bld diseases Examples: Prozac, zoloft, xanax, valium, librium, buspar, vistaril Nursing Considerations: educate, monitor BP |
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Electroconvulsive Therapy
(ECT) |
-pt is given a sedative
-last only a few minutes -side effects: confusion, forgetfullness |
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Threats/alterations in mental health
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-(causes)ADL's, self control and cognitive ability
-treatment: Meds in conjunction of therapy, control emotions, |
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Counseling
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-Facilitator guides a group
-can be formal and informal |
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EPSE's (extrapyradimal side effects) for Antipsychotics
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-Parkinsonism
-Akathesia -Dystonia -Tardive Dyskinesia |
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Uses of ECT
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Used when other therapies are unsuccessful
-Mainly used for depression and Schizophrenia |
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Antidepressants (mood elavators)
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(3 catergories)
-Cylic -Tricylic -MAOI's |
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Cognitive Therapy
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(Rational Emotive Therapy)
-help rethink situations -usually in groups -ABC format |
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Tricylic (antidepressents)
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Actions: increase serotonin and norepinephrine
Uses: treat depression Examples: Elavil, Triavil, Tofranil, Pamelor Nursing Considerations: educate |
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Goals of crisis intervention
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1 Ensure safety
2 Diffuse the situation 3 Determine problem 4 Decrease anxiety 5 Return pt to precrisis level |
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Akathesia
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(EPSE)...agitation, motor restlessness, continous movement of body(hands and mouth)
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Crisis intervention
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-body is out of Homeostasis
-risk for harm -subjective -5 phases/goals |
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Tardive Dyskinesia
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(EPSE)...IRREVERSIBLE (early detection can regain control with use of anticholergics), lack of voluntary movements, rythmic movements (chewing, sucking, frowning, licking, and blicking)
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Anticholinergics or Antiparkinsons drugs
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-combat side effects
-commonly used: Congentin, Artane and Akineton |
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Antipsychotics (neuroleptics/
major tranquilizers) |
Class: Phenothiazines
Action: (CNS to block dopamine)...calms, control agitation, decrease hallucinations and delusions Uses: psychoatic behavior, violent, SCHIZOPHRENIA Side effects: bld diseases, photosensitivity, EPSE's(extrapyradimal side effects), weight gain, edema, constipation, decrease sex interest Examples: Haldol, thorazine, Stelazine, Prolixin Nursing considerations: Observation, watch for EPSE's, Educate patient |
