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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Using the mnemonic AIPES, what are the developmental tasks of adolescence
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A = autonomy
I = identity and image (body) P = peers replacing parents E = education S = sexuality |
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Whatt are the 3 stages of adolescence and the 3 developmental domains in mental health
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1) early (11-14 - "am I normal"), middle (15-17 "who am I"), late (18-20 "where am I going")
2) emotional (identity confusion -> acceptance), cognitive (concrete -> abstract -> future planning), social (same sex peers -> sexual peers -> independent thinking) |
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Peers are both helpful and harmful to adolescent development. Explain
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1) Helpful: social (communication, cooperation, assertiveness), sexual development and independence from parents
2) harmful: bullying: tend to be late developers with little peer support. Dangerous cycle of bullying & aggression <-> anxiety, lack of assertiveness, helplessness, hopelesssness and possible suicide ideation |
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Using the mnemonic PANIC, list the symptoms of a panic attack
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P: palpitations, parasthesia
A: anxiety N: nausea and abdo smptoms (maily children) I: iminent sense of death C: chest pain, choking |
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Describe the 2 theoretical models of generalised anxiety disorder
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1) biological: introvert/neurotics with heightened cortical arousal
2) cognitive: distorted schema/focus on dysffunction/automatic thoughts -> avoidance behaviour reinforcement |
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What are the 5 DSM-IV anxiety disorders
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1) GAD
2) Panic 3) PTDD 4) OCD 5) Phobic |
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Define negative reinforcement and negative punishment in operant conditioning
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1) -ev reinforcement: removing something bad
2) -ve punishment: removing something good |
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Explain classical conditioning and how can it explain school avoidance of a bullying victim
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CC: an unconditioned response (eg noxious - bullying) is paired with a conditioned response (going to school). Even later when bullying is absent, the victim becomes anxious at the prospect of going to school
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Explain operant conditioning and how it can explain school avoidance by a bullying victim
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OC: repeated +ve/-ve rewards and punishments lead to anxiety producing situations eg repeated bullying (+ve punishment for attending school) and avoidance conditioning (avoiding school is -ve reward ie avoiding bullying punishment. Avoidance behaviour maintains ongoing anxiety)
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How does operant conditioning explain an adolescent's behaviour regarding his school and parents if he is a victim of bullying
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1) +ve punishment - bullying
2) +ve reward - increased parental attention and concern -> over attachment 3) -ve reward: avoiding school 4) -ve punishment: attending school means separation anxiety away from parents |
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Define substance dependence according to the DSM
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At least 12 months of:
1) Tolerance (increasing need to achieve intoxication) 2) Withdrawal syndrome - avoidance of 3) Desire to cut down, unsuccessful attempts 4) Significant time taken to obtain, use and recover 5) Discontinuation or reduction of social and occupational activities 6) Continued use despite knowledge of detrimental health effects |
