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47 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Alternative medicine |
Includes therapies used in place of conventional or traditional medical practices. |
St. John’s Wort to treat depression instead of using antidepressant meds |
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Behavior modification |
A method of attempting to strengthen a desired behavior or response by reinforcement, either positive or negative |
Every time a client who wants to be more assertive asserts, positive reinforcement is given to encourage the assertiveness |
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Behaviorism |
a school of psychology that focuses on observable behaviors and what one can do externally to bring about behavior changes. Does not attempt to explain how the mind works. |
A school of psychology |
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Client-centered therapy |
Focused on the role of the client, rather than the therapist as key to the healing process. *term client first used by Carl Rogers instead of patient (humanistic psychologist) |
Clients are the best position to know their own experiences best - clients do the work of healing |
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Closed group |
Structured to keep the same members in the group for a specified number of sessions. |
Same members |
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Cognitive behavioral therapy |
CBT focuses on faulty thinking, learned patterns of unhelpful behavior, resulting in distress and/or psychological problems for the individual. |
CBT emphasizes helping the individual to be their own therapist. Work on what is going on in current life rather than past. |
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Cognitive therapy |
Focuses on immediate thought processing - how a person perceives or interprets their experience and determines how they feel and behave. Example: person interprets a situation as dangerous, they experience anxiety and try to escape. |
Aaron Beck is credited with pioneering cognitive therapy in persons with depression. |
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Complementary medicine |
Therapies used in conjunction with traditional or conventional medical practices. |
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Countertransference |
Occurs when the therapist displaces onto the client attitudes or feelings from their own past. Ex: a nurse who has a teenage child and who experiencing extreme frustration with an adolescent client may respond by adopting a parental or chastising tone. |
Nurse’s own past gives way to attitudes towards patient |
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Crisis |
Is a turning point in an individual’s life that produces an overwhelming emotional response. Life circumstance or stressor an individual is confronting that cannot be managed through customary coping strategies. |
Turning point |
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Crisis intervention |
Includes a variety of techniques, based on the assessment of the individual in crisis, to assist in resolution or management of the stressor or circumstance. Two techniques: Directive interventions- designed to assess the person’s health status and promote problem-solving, raising person’s awareness by giving feedback. Supportive interventions - deal with person’s needs for empathetic understanding, sounding board |
Giving feedback or being a good listener are two techniques |
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Dialectical behavior therapy |
DBT is a specific type of CBT originally designed to treat clients with borderline personality disorders who are chronically suicidal. |
Used for PTSD, and personality disorders, substance abuse, eating disorders |
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Dream analysis |
A primary technique used in psychoanalysis involves discussing a client’s dreams to discover their true meaning and significance. Female client might report having recurrent frightening dreams about snakes chasing her. Freud would view it….. |
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Education group |
A therapeutic group; provides information to members on a specific issue, for instance, stress management, medication management, or assertiveness training. |
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Ego |
Third personality component: is the balancing or mediating force between the id and the superego. Ego represents mature and adaptive behavior that allows a person to function successfully in the world. Freud believed anxiety was the result of ego’s attempt to balance the impulsive instincts of the id with the stringent rules of the superego |
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Ego defense mechanism |
Cognitive distortions that a person uses unconsciously to maintain a sense of being in control of a situation, to lessen discomfort, and to deal with stress; also called defense mechanism. Most defense mechanisms operate at the unconscious level of awareness, so people are not aware of what they are doing and often need help to see the reality. |
Methods of attempting to protect the self and cope with basic drives or emotionally painful thoughts, feeling, or events. Cancer patient dying refuses to talk about the illness |
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Family therapy |
Form of group therapy in which the client and their family members participate. Goals include understanding how family dynamics contribute to the client’s psychopathology |
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Free association |
The therapist tries to uncover the client’s true thoughts and feelings by saying a word and asking the client to respond quickly with the first thing that comes to mind. |
Freud thought quick response would uncover subconscious or repressed thoughts or feelings |
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Group Therapy |
Clients participate in sessions with a group of people. The members share a common purpose and are expected to contribute to the group to benefit others and receive benefit from others in return. |
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Hierarchy of needs |
A pyramid used to arrange and illustrate the basic drives or needs that motivate people; developed by Abraham Maslow Most basic need: physiological need for food, water, sleep, shelter, equal expression and freedom from pain. 2nd: safety and security needs 3rd: love and belonging needs (friendships, acceptance) 4th: esteem needs like self respect 5th: self-actual inaction, need for beauty truth and justice. |
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Humanism |
Focuses on a person’s positive qualities, their capacity to change (human potential) and the promotion of self-esteem. |
Consider the person’s past experiences but they direct more attention toward the present and future |
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Id |
Is the part of one’s nature that reflects basic or innate desires such as pleasure-seeking behavior, aggression and sexual impulses. The id seeks instant gratification which causes impulsive behavior no regard to rules or social convention |
Quick to act without thinking |
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Individual psychotherapy |
Method of bringing about change in a person by exploring their feelings, attitudes, thinking, and behavior. Involves a one on one |
People generally seek this kind of therapy for getting over emotional pain or unhappiness |
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Integrative medicine |
Combines conventional medical therapy and CAM (complementary and alternative medicine) therapies that have scientific evidence supporting their safety and effectiveness. |
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Milieu therapy |
Originally developed by Sullivan, involved patients’ interactions with one another, including practicing interpersonal relationship skills, giving one another feedback about behavior, and working cooperatively as a group to solve day to day problems. |
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Negative reinforcement |
Involves removing a stimulus immediately after a behavior occurs so that the behavior is more likely to occur again. Ex: if a client becomes anxious when wiring to talk in a group, they may volunteer to speak first to avoid the anxiety. |
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Open groups |
Ongoing and run indefinitely allowing members to join or leave the group as they need to. |
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Operant conditioning |
Theory Developed by BF Skinner Says people learn their behaviors from their history or past experiences, particularly those experiences that were repeatedly reinforced. |
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Partaxic mode |
Begins in early childhood as the child begins to connect experiences in sequence; the child may not make logical sense of the experiences and may see them as coincidence or chance events; the child seeks to relieve anxiety by repeating familiar experiences, although they may not understand what they are doing. One of Sullivan’s three developmental cognitive modes of experience and believed mental disorders are related to the persistence of one of the early modes |
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Participant observer |
This term has been coined for the therapist’s role, meaning that the therapist both participates in and observes the progress of the relationship |
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Positive reinforcement |
A reward immediately following a behavior to increase the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated. |
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Prototaxic mode |
Characteristic of infancy and childhood that involves brief unconnected experiences that have no relationship to one another; adults with schizophrenia exhibit persistent prototypic experiences |
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Psychiatric rehabilitation |
Involves providing services to people with severe and persistent mental illness to help them to live in the community. Focuses on the client’s strengths, not just on their illness. Helps client manage the illness and symptoms, gain access to needed services and live successfully in the community. |
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Psychoanalysis |
Focuses on discovering the causes of the client’s unconscious and repressed thoughts, feelings, and conflicts believed to cause anxiety and on helping the client gain insight into and resolve these conflicts and anxieties. Still practiced today on limited basis |
Uses techniques of free association, dream analysis and interpretation of behavior.
Referred to as therapy for the wealthy because very expensive and time consuming. |
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Psychosocial interventions |
Nursing activities that enhance the client’s social and psychological functioning and improve social skills, interpersonal relationships, and communication |
Setting limits with manipulative behavior or giving positive feedback |
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Psychotherapy group |
The goal of the group is for members to learn about their behaviors and to make positive changes in their behaviors by interacting and communicating with others as members of a group Usually have one or two therapist as leaders |
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Rational emotive therapy |
Albert Ellis - founder, identified 11 irrational beliefs that people use to make themselves unhappy. Example: “if I love someone, they must love me back just as much” |
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Self-actualization |
Describes a person who has achieved all the needs according to Maslow’s hierarchy and has developed their fullest potential in life |
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Self-help group |
Members share a common experience, but the group is not a formal or structured therapy group. |
AA Gamblers Anonymous |
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Subconscious |
Thoughts or feelings in the preconscious or unconscious level of awareness Part of Freud’s dream analysis |
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Superego |
Is the part of a person’s nature that reflects moral and ethical concepts, values, and parental and social expectations. Direct opposition to the id |
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Support groups |
Are organized to help members who share a common problem cope with it. Example: Mothers against drunk driving, persons with AIDS |
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Syntaxic mode |
Begins to appear in school-aged children and becomes more predominant in pre adolescence; the person begins to perceive themselves and the world within the context of the environment and can analyze experiences in a variety of settings. Part of Sullivan developmental cognitive modes |
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Systematic desensitization |
Behavioral technique used to help overcome irrational fears and anxiety associated with a phobia |
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Therapeutic community or milieu |
Sullivan was credited for developing the first therapeutic community with young men with schizophrenia in 1929. It’s a beneficial environment; interaction among clients is seen as beneficial, and treatment emphasizes the role of the client-to-client interaction. |
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Therapeutic nurse-patient relationship |
Hildegard Peplau developed this concept which includes four phases: orientation Identification Exploitation Resolution Table 3.5 |
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Transference |
Occurs when the client displaces onto the therapist attitudes and feelings that the client originally experienced in other relationships; it is common for the client to unconsciously transfer to the nurse feelings that have for significant others |
Patterns are automatic and unconscious in the therapeutic relationship Teen client sees the nurse who is same age as mother as his mother |
