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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Perception evidenced
Perception inaccuracies. Problem solving drastically reduced |
Severe
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Perception evidenced
Alert increased awareness |
Mild
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Perception evidenced
Distorted perceptions, immediate intervention needed, may lose contact with reality |
Panic
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Perception evidenced
high awareness with a narrow band of focus to one situation |
Moderate
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Sensation with anxiety
Mild |
heightened sensory awareness
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Sensation with anxiety
Moderate |
dulls perception
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Sensation with anxiety
Severe |
increasingly distorted perception, sensory input diminishes
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Sensation with anxiety
Panic |
perception grossly distorted
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Chronic excessive unwarranted anxiety for more than 6 months
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GAD
Generalized anxiety disorder |
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Hyperarousal, avoidance, and re-experiencing
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PTD
post traumatic disorder |
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A fear of or a terrifying event
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PTD
post traumatic disorder |
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Cognitive therapy terms & approaches
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ANTS
Decatastrophizing ABC's Positive reframing |
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A level of anxiety cognition assessments;
conducive to concentration, learning and problem-solving |
Mild/moderate
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Pathological Anxiety
Anxiety is harmful... |
when no real threat exist
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Pathological Anxiety
biologically caused by... |
inherited dysfuntional GABA neurotransmitter
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Pathological Anxiety
Psychodynamically caused by... |
overuse of defense mechanisms
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Pathological Anxiety
Behaviorally caused by... |
conditioning
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Pathological Anxiety
Caused cognitively by... |
cognitive distortion of danger
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15-30 minute episodes of intense, escalating anxiety with emotional fear & discomfort
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Panic disorder
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illogical,
irrational, intense, persistent fear of an object or situation = anxiety or panic |
phobia
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social phobia
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severe anxiety in situations invloving people
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agoraphobia
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fear of being in places or situations from which escape may be difficult
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obesessive-compulsive disorder
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intrusive unwanted thoughts & ritualistic or repetitive behaviours
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Neurontonin is from what class of drugs?
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Anticonvulsants/CA & NA channels
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Librium, Ativan, Valium is from what class of meds?
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Benzodiasepines - increase GABA
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Zoloft, Luvox, Lexapro is from what class of drugs
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SSRI - serotonin increase
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Propranolol, clonidine is from what class of drugs?
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Beta Blockers-Slow physiological
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Anxiety meds (9)
Anticonvulsant (1) Benzo (3) SSRI (3) Beta Blocker (2) |
Neurontonin
Librium, Ativan, Valium Zoloft, Luvox, Lexapro Propranolol, Clonidine |
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an external pressure
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stress
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subjective emotional response to a stressor
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anxiety
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circular route with the amygdala & medial pre-frontal cortex (boss) involves GABA
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Fear
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circular route with the brainstem & the pre-frontal cortex involves serotonin
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worry
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Neurotransmitter that is increased when one is anxious
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norepinephrine
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Benzos for panic disorders
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physical dependence & tolerance = abuse
attack subsides before the drug begins working warn against abrupt disc. Xanax useful but very habituating Ativan & Klonopin longer acting |
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SSRI for panic disorders
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must be titrated slowly or pt. becomes anxious
Useful |
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Tri for panic disorders
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Clomipramine
imipramine Used less because of s/e |
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Somatic symptoms of panic disorders
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propranolo for anxiety
clonidine for withdrawal anxiety |
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illogical, intense, persistent fear of a specific object or social situation that causes extreme distress and interferes with normal life
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phobia
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people with _____ understand their ____ is unusual and irrational but feel powerless to control it
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phobias
fear |
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anticipatory anxiety when thinking about the possibility of encountering the object
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phobias
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3 kinds of phobia
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Specific phobia
Social phobia Agoraphobia |
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irrational fear of an object or situation
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specific phobia
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involves severe anxiety, even panic, when confronted with situations involving people
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social phobia
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fear of being in places or situations from which excape may be difficult or help may not be readily available
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agoraphobia without history of panic disorder
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anxiolytics for phobias
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poor due to addiction
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first line of meds for phobia
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SSRI
Paxil & Zoloft |
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name 2 SSRI approved for social phobia
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Paxil
Zoloft Social phobia |
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for stage fright what drugs
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propranolol
atenolol |
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what does propranolol and atenolol do
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slow heart rate & lowers blood pressure
beta blockers |
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what phobia is not treated with meds unless panic attack
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specific
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psychopharmacology for phobia
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SSRI antidepressants (Paxil, Zoloft)
MAOI beta blocker (propranolol & atenolol) |
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Behavioral therapy for phobia include
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systematic desnsitization and flooding
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OCD med class
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SSRI - larger doses than used for depression
TCA s/e less desirable than SSRI |
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OCD drugs
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Luvox the 1st approved
Zoloft Paxil Prozac Clomipramine |
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Chronic excessive worry and anxiety that is unwarranted more days than not for 6 months or longer
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GAD
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feeling on the edge, fatigue, difficult concentrating, muscle tension or sleep disturbance
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GAD
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GAD treated with
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SSRI antidepressants and buspirone
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exposure to traumatic event causes, numbing, detachment, & amnesia about the event for not more than 4 weeks following the event
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Acute stress disorder
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possible co-morbid symptoms
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GAD
Major depression Substance Abuse Secondary gains for disability compensation Aggression & violence poor impulse control |
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cognitive model PTSD
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victims are unable to process or rationalize specific trauma
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behavioral model PTSD
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2 phases
trauma - unconditioned stimulus paired w/ classical conditioning through instrumental learning, a pattern of voidance or both the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is devleoped |
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psychoanalytic model PTSD
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trauma reactivated
ego tries to relieve secondary-gains reinforce the persistence of the disorder |
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PTSD treatment
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SSRI 1st line (Paxil, Zoloft)
Xanax Buspar Clonidine Mood Stabilizers Antipsychotics - atypicals Desensitization Flooding |
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Mood stabilizer for PTSD are used for..
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intrusive recollections,
nightmares flash backs, impulsive, irritability and violent behavior |
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clonidine for PTSD are used for...
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nightmares
intrusive recollections hypervigilance insomnia startle responses angry outbursts |
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agoraphobia
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The fear of being in places or situations from which
escape might be difficult (or embarrassing) or in which help might not be available in the event of a panic attack. |
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flooding.
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Sometimes called implosive therapy, this technique is
used to desensitize individuals to phobic stimuli. The individual is “flooded” with a continuous presentation (usually through mental imagery) of the phobic stimulus until it no longer elicits anxiety. |
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generalized anxiety disorder
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A disorder characterized by chronic
(at least 6 months), unrealistic, and excessive anxiety and worry |
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implosion therapy
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presentation (usually through
mental imagery) of the phobic stimulus until it no longer elicits anxiety. |
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obsessive–compulsive disorder
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Recurrent thoughts or ideas (obsessions)
that an individual is unable to put out of his or her mind, and actions that an individual is unable to refrain from performing (compulsions). The obsessions and compulsions are severe enough to interfere with social and occupational functioning. |
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compulsions
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unwanted repetitive behavior patterns or mental acts that are intended to reduce anxiety, not to provide pleasure or gratification
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panic disorder.
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A disorder characterized by recurrent panic
attacks, the onset of which are unpredictable, and manifested by intense apprehension, fear, or terror, often associated with feelings of impending doom, and accompanied by intense physical discomfort. |
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phobia, social.
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The fear of being humiliated in social situations.
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posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD
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A syndrome of symptoms
that develop following a psychologically distressing event that is outside the range of usual human experience (e.g., rape, war). The individual is unable to put the experience out of his or her mind, has nightmares, flashbacks, and panic attacks. |
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phobia, specific.
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A persistent fear of a specific object or situation,
other than the fear of being unable to escape from a situation (agoraphobia) or the fear of being humiliated in social situations (social phobia). |
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phobia
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an irrational fear
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systematic desensitization
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A treatment for phobias in which the
individual is taught to relax and then asked to imagine various components of the phobic stimulus on a graded hierarchy, moving from that which produces the least fear to that which produces the most. |
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stress
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an external pressure
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anxiety
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subjective emotional response to the stressor
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fear is a ...
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conginitive response
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name the neurotransmitter involved in anxiety and their action
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serotonin decreases
norepinephrinie increased GABA decrease |
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neuroanatomical: emotional state placed
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lower brain centers, including -
limbic diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalmus) reticular formation |
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systematic desensitization and implosion therapy are often used for...
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phobic disorders
PTSD |
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Behavior therapy for anxiety disorder
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systmeatic desensitization
implosion therapy |
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reciprocal inhibition is described...
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as the restriction of anxiety prior to the effort of reducing avoidance behavior
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systematic desensitization with reciprocal inhibition involves two main points
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training in relaxation
progressive exposure to hierachy of fear stimuli while in a relaxed state |
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Selye stages of stress
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alarm reaction
resistance exhaustion from external |
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ABC & Anxiety
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Activating Event
Beliefs & Self talk (rational or irrantional) Consequences (emotional or behavrioral) Dispute (detect) irrational beliefs Effects of Dispute; New emotions & behaviors |
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Three major MUST = Irrational self talk
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I must
You must World must |
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boosting serotonin decreases...
More important to have ____ than GABA |
Anxiety
Serotonin |
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anticonvulsant CA channel drug
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neurotonin
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pharmacology treatment of anxiety
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SSRI- titrate slowly
SNRI Tri - less likely because of s/e Antianxiety Beta Anticonvulsants |
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Anafranil good for
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OCD
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SNRI for anxiety
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Effexor
Cymbalta |
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TRI for anxiety
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Elavil
anafranil |
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beta blocker for anxiety
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clonidine mostly for anxiety from alcohol & opiod w/d
propranolol |
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kava is similiar to
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benzo
mild euphoria |
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faulty appraisal of a situation
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cognitive theory of anxiety
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psychodynamic theory of anxiety
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ego can't intervene between id and superego
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what do psychoanaylyst say that causes OCD
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underdeveloped egos
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what are the ego defense mechanisms of OCD
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Isolation
Undoing displacement reaction formation |
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What does learning theory say causes OCD
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active avoidance
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