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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Primary amenorrhea |
Menarche has never occurred but patient is 16+ |
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Secondary amenorrhea |
Loss of menstruation for 3 consecutive months or more |
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Most common cause of ovarian insufficiency |
Turner syndrome |
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Mullerian agenesis |
Failure of uterus, Fallopian tubes and vagina to develop |
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Hypothalamic dysfunction |
Leads to secondary amenorrhea
Excessive stress, excessive weight loss, excessive exercise, eating disorder
Suppresses entire ovarian axis Low levels of fsh and lh |
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Hyperprolactinemia |
Side effect of dopamine lowering meds, pituitary tumor and hypothyroidism |
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FSH > 40 on two occasions |
Confirms ovarian failure in younger patients |
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Tx of premature ovarian failure |
Hormones until normal age of menopause to reduce risk of osteoporosis and heart disease |
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Rotterdam criteria |
Clinical or lab hyperandrogenism Oligo-ovulation or anovulation Polycystic ovaries |
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Total testosterone >50 |
Diagnostic of PCOS |
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Common findings in PCOS |
Obesity Central adiposity Insulin resistance Acanthodians nigricans Skin tags and acne Abnormal LH:FSH ratio |
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Common cause of infertility |
PCOS |
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PCOS treatment |
Weight loss Combined contraceptives Metformin Spironolactone - for hirsutism Clomiphene- induce ovulation |
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Menorrhagia |
Menses that last 8+ days or is gushing
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Causes of menorrhagia |
Fibroids Adenomyosis Endometrial hyperplasia Von willebrands Thrombocytopenia |
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Metrorrhagia |
Irregular menstrual cycles Due to oligo-ovulation
Regular menstrual cycles with spotting |
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Anovulatory pattern |
Thyroid dysfunction PCOS Hyperprolactinemia Uncontrolled DM Hypothalamic dysfunction First 1-2 yrs after menarche Pregnancy |
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Ovulating pattern but excessive flow |
Thyroid dysfunction Coagulation defects Fibroids Advanced liver disease |
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Tests ordered to evaluate menstrual irregularities |
Pregnancy TSH Prolactin level |
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Tests ordered to evaluate menstrual irregularities |
Pregnancy TSH Prolactin level |
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Endometrial hyperplasia |
Simple proliferation turns to abnormal proliferation that involves glandular and stromal elements of endometrium |
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Endogenous estrogen |
Obese women Excess adipose tissue Seen in PCOS |
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Endogenous estrogen |
Obese women Excess adipose tissue Seen in PCOS |
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Exogenous estrogen |
Estrogen hormone replacement therapy without progesterone
Seen in menopausal and perimenopausal women |
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Atypical hyperplasia |
Changes in cellular structure of endometrial cells |
