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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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meningitis triad
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fever, headache, stiff neck
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bacterial infection formula
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neutrophilic pleocytosis
elevated protein decreased glucose |
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viral formula
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lymphocytic pleocytosis
elevated protein glucose normal |
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most common causes of acute bacterial meningitis
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pneumococcus (strep pneumoniae-gram+ dip) and meningococcus (neisseria meningitidisgram - dip)
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adolescent/young adults most common cause
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neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
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neonates/very young
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e.coli
group B strep (s. agalactiae -beta hemolytic) |
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Children
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pneumococcus (group A strep)
Haemophilus influenzae used to |
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Very old/immunocompromised
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listeria monocytogenes (+ rods)
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type with 1/4 mortality
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pneumococcus
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predisposing factors
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upper resp infection
alcholic endocarditis diabetes head trauma immunosuppressed |
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most common of the triad in acute
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fever
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Tests for acute meningitis
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gram stain
latex agglutination CSF culture |
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viral causes
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enterovirus
HSV HIV adenovirus |
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Fungal cause
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cryptococcus
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other things causing meningitis
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fungus, tb, cancer
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skull fracture or CSF leak
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pneumococcus
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open wound
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gram negative bacilli such as pseudomonas
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shunt associated
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coagulans negative staph
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defects in cell mediated immunity, elderly, transplant
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listeria
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Most common etilogy in adults
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S. pneumoniae
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Drug to use for
S pneu |
Vanco + 3rd generation ceph
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If an elderly or immunocompromised pt the drugs given are
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ampicillin , canco, ceftriaxone
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Meningococcal serogroups that account for almost all cases in the US
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B and C
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Drugs for meningococcal prophylaxis
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rifampin, ciprofloxacin and shot of ceftriaxone
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mononuclear cells seen in CSF, glucose may be normal, and gram stain is frequently negative in
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Listeria
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treatment for gram +
(pneumococcus) |
vanco and 3rd generation cephalosporin
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treatment for gram -
(meningococcus) |
penicillin
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Always susceptible to penicillin
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Group A and sometimes B strep
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treatment for gram + rod
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ampicillin
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Given in addition to antibiotics
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steriods
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chronic meningitis culprits
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tb, fungi
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effects of encephalitis
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pitiutary dysfunction, Inappropriate ADH, hyponatremia, temperature dysregulation
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encephalitis viruses
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west nile, arboviruses, HSV
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viral meningitis that can be diagnosed
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HSV by MRI
WNV by CSF IgM |
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motor weakness in someone with encephalitis is
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WNV
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Risk factors for Brain Abscess
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upper resp infection, HIV, pulmonary AV malformations, cyanotic congenital heart diseast, people with shunts
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most common clinical symptom of brain abscerss
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headache
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Can be reactivated to form a brain abscess in HIV patients
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toxoplasmosis
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Immunocompromised brain abscess fungi
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cryptococcus, aspergillus, zygomyces
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Chronic sterioid use can cause brain abscess of
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Nocardia
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To diagnose brain abscess:
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MRI NOT CSF
fungus=serology blood culture |
