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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genetics
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analysis of inheritance patterns to identify and characterize genes
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Genes
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biological factors that induce particular traits
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Alleles
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alternate forms of a given gene, inherited from different parents
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Locus
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the location on a chromosome, often used to refer to the gene at that site
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Dominant
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an allele which always determines the phenotype
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Recessive
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an allele which only determines phenotype in the absence of a dominant allele
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Mutant
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an entity that carries a mutation. The entity can be an allele, or an individual.
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Wild type
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an allele, or individual, that is not mutated; occurring normally in nature. Wild type alleles are usually dominant.
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Genotype
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the combination of alleles in an individual
e.g. the genotype for someone with a Brown eye allele and blue eye allele is Bb |
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Phenotype
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observable characteristics. The physical manifestation of the genotype.
e.g. the phenotype of a Bb person is brown eyes. |
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Homozygous
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to carry both copies of the same allele, i.e. both dominant or recessive (BB or bb)
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Heterozygous
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to have different alleles, i.e. one dominant one recessive (Bb)
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Homozygote
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a homozygous individual
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Heterozygote
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a heterozygous individual
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Monohybrid Cross
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a cross where one gene locus is tracked, e.g. Aa x Aa
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Dihybrid Cross
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a cross where two loci are tracked, e.g. AaBb x AaBb
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Trihybrid Cross
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a cross where three loci are tracked, e.g. AaBbCc x AaBbCc
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F1 (filial one)
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the first generation produced in a series of crosses
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F2 (filial two)
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the second generation produced in a series of crosses
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Independent Assortment *
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inheritance of alleles at one locus does not influence inheritance at other loci
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Sex Chromosome
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sex determining chromosome, X or Y
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Autosome
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any chromosome except X or Y
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X Linked (“sex linked”)
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a gene located on the X chromosome
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Autosomal
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any gene not located on X, or characteristic not associated with X
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F2 Genotypic Ration of Monohybrid Cross
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1:2:1
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