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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three separate memory systems in the Multistore Memory?
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1. sensory
2. short term 3. long term |
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What is the difference between declarative and non-declarative?
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declarative- can be recalled
non-declarative- not accessible |
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Although this is one memory system, what are the three ways we encode in the Levels of Processing model?
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1. structural
2. phonemic 3. semantic |
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Define each way of encoding for the Levels of Processing model.
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1. structural- how it looks
2. phonemic- how it sounds 3. semantic- what it means |
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What is the basic processing of memory (in order)
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encoding
storage retrieval |
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Define encoding
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it is the information that is taken in
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Define storage
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preserving the encoded information
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Define retrieval
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accessing the information
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What are the two models of memory?
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1. Multi-store model
2. Levels of Processing model |
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What does the Multi-store model propose?
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That there are three different, separate memory systems. Those memory systems are sensory, short term and long term
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What is the duration of time the sensory memory system has?
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1/4 of a second
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Our working memory- what you are doing at any given moment is your _____ ____ _____.
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short term memory
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In short term memory, what can you do to make the information last longer?
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rehearse
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If there is a distraction, how much time can it take for the information to decay in short term memory?
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15-30 seconds
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What is the capacity for short term memory?
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5-9 items
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How can the capacity of a person's short term memory be increased?
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a person can use the skill known as "chunking"
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With _____, information goes from short term memory to long term memory
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rehearsal
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What is so special about long term memory?
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1. it is permanent
2. there is no limit of amount of information |
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Information is not guaranteed to be put into long term memory unless this is used-
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elaborative rehearsal
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What are the two categories of long term memory?
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1. declarative
2. non-declarative |
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What are the two types of memory under declarative memory?
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1. Episodic
2. Semantic |
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Define Episodic
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personal memory system
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Define Semantic
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general knowledge
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What does the levels of processing model propose?
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That there is one single memory system that also proposes three different ways of encoding information- 1. structural 2. phonemic 3. semantic
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What is the deepest way to encode information (more likely to remember the information)
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semantic encoding
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What are the 4 theories people have to forgetting?
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1. Ineffective encoding
2. Retrieval failure 3. Decay Theory 4. Interference Theory |
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What does the ineffective encoding theory state?
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when information is learned in an inferior way (example- studying while music is playing, studying while tired, etc.)
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What does the retrieval failure theory state?
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When someone processes the information in a meaningful way, yet the information cannot be retrieved.
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What does the Decay Theory state?
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When the information weakens over a period of time
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What does the interference Theory state?
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When we forget because old and new theories conflict with one another
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What are the two types of interference in the interference theory?
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1. proactive- when old memories interfere with new memories
2. retroactive- when new memories interfere with old memories |
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What is the definition of verbal mnemonics?
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the use of letters, phrases or stories to remember information
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What are the two types of visual mnemonics?
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1. Loci- associating words to be remembered with physical locations
2. Pegword- using numbers and rhymes to associate with words to be remembered |
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What is the definition of retention?
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The act of keeping information in one's memory
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What is the definition of attention?
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The ability of power to concentrate mentally
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What type of processing leads to better retention?
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deep processing
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What type of encoding involves deciding how information may be personally related to someone?
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self-referent encoding
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What involves linking other stimulus to other information?
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elaboration
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What is a schema?
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a diagram or a plan
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Semantic networks would best be associated with what storage location?
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long term memory
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Brief (a fraction of a second) would best be a associated with what storage location?
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sensory memory
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Phonemic Sensory Loops would best be associated with what storage location?
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short term memory
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Flashbulb memories would be best associated with what storage location?
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long term memories
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