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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two key components of memory?
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stronger
faster |
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What are the 2 probably causes of memory?
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1) long lived memory B and T cells
2) continous exposure to low antigen levels from previous infection |
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Approximately how long does immunological memory last?
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years
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What is the difference between immunological memory and protective immunity?
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1)immunological memory is what you get right before an immune response (like a secondary response)
2)protective immunity is what you get after a response when you still have antibody laying around |
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What are the three ways antibody reacts with antigen?
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-neutralization
-opsonization -complement activation |
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What are the two types of cells made after naitve T and B cells are activated by an infecting pathogen?
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1) effector cells - short lived
2) memory cells - long lived |
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What aspects do memory B/T cells have that Naive cells dont?
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memory cells have higher affinity due to affinity maturation and isotype switching
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What types of Ig is not made by the secondary response but is made in the primary response?
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IgM
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Which cells are more abundant? memory cells or naive cells?
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memory cells
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Which cells are higher affinity memory cells or naive cells?
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memory cells
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IS there a large difference in memory T cells from vaccination if you compare the years its been since the vaccination occured?
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no
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How is a naive B cell differentially stimulated during a primary repsonse vs secondary response?
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primary response: naive B cell activated by antigen
secondary response: naive B cell inactivated by antigen-complex, memory B cells activated by antigen-complex |
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Is CD28 costimulatory signal required in the activation of naive B cells or memory B cells?
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naive memory cells require the CD28 costimulatory signals
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Why are there more memory cells than naive cells?
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because they have high affinity and are thus selected for
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How do immune complexes inactivate naive B cells but activate memory cells?
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memory cells are activated because they FcγRIIb is crosslinked with BCR
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How does Erythroblastosis fetalis occur?
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1) Rh+ dad, Rh- mom
2) second pregnancy or third pregnancy you see bilirubin in amniotic fluid 3) later on you see a dramatically decreased hematocrit |
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What is the original antigenic sin?
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pathogen with high mutable will cause immunological memory and immunological response to be gradually eroded
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What markers are shared with memory T cells?
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CD45RO-naive
CD45 RA - memory CD69- memory Bc12 - memory |
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Which T cell has more antigen specificity memory or naive?
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naive actually
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What occurs to CD45 gene transcription in naive T cells vs memory T cells?
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naive T cells - includes A B C exons
memory T cells exludes A B C axons thus giving naive cells more specificity |
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What are the two types of memory T cells?
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1) effector memory T cells
2) central memory T cells |
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What is the difference between Effector memory T cells and central memory T cells?
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effector - differentiate into potent effector T cell making lots of cytokines
central - stay towards lymphoid tissue t cell zones to help B cells |
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What are the three possible factes of an effector memory T cell?
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can differentiate into:
Th1 Th2 Th17 |
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What is the purpose of central memory T cells and what do they express?
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CD40L and interact with B cells or differentiate into follicular helper cells Tfh
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What do the central memory cells express?
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CCR7 so they can go to secondary lymphoid tissue
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What do effector memory T cells secrete?
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not CCR7 so they can roam
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Can effector T cells from a primary immune response turn into memory cells?
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yes
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What are Follicular Dendritic Cells?
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immune complexes that allow low levels of antigen to persist in germinal centers
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How do the FDC s retain antigen and continually restimulate cells?
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1) FDCs express high levels of Fc and C3 receptors
2) this allows them to bind Ag/Ab complexes and retain them for long periods |
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What are the two ways that a T cell can be restimulated?
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by FDC or B cell
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