Memory

Front 1

During ________, a person experiences an event and codes the information that can be derived from the event.

Back 1

Encoding

Front 2

Three ways to encode information.

Back 2

Visually (images)
Acoustically (sounds)
Semantically (units of meanings)

Front 3

Process that involces maintaining the coded information within the memory systems.

Back 3

Storage

Front 4

Involves finding the information in storage then bringing it to awareness or consciousness.

Back 4

Retrieval

Front 5

Difference between RECALL and RECOGNITION.

Back 5

RECALL - the person deliberately search through memory for a particular piece of information and report it if found
RECOGNITION - the information to be retrieved is actually presented to the person, after which the person reports whether he remembers it or not.

Front 6

The retrieval process in which a cue is used to trigger the memory.

Back 6

Cued Recall

Front 7

Three systems of memory

Back 7

1. Sensory Register
2. Short-Term Memory
3. Long-Term Memory

Front 8

stores information from physical stimuli in the environment using our senses

Back 8

Sensory Register

Front 9

Attention is crucial - what you attend to is processed and what you do not attend to is lost.

Back 9

Short-Term Memory

Front 10

Made up of large amounts of semantic information accumulated over the years from back as your childhood up to present

Back 10

Long-Term Memory

Front 11

Memory that is active during completion of a current task

Back 11

Working Memory

Front 12

Two systems of Working Memory.

Back 12

1. Crystallized Systems
-visual semantics
-language
-episodic long-term memory
2. Fluid Systems
-central executive
-visuospatial sketchpad
-phonological loop

Front 13

Interface/Connection between the other parts of the fluid system and on the one hand, and the crystallized systems on the other.

Back 13

Episodic Buffer

Front 14

No separate memory systems but millions of connection that process information

Back 14

COnnectionism/Parallel Distributed Processing

Front 15

Short term memory is stored?
Long term memory is stored?

Back 15

STM - acoustically
LTM - semantically

Front 16

Interchanged letters to words stored in short term memory acoustically.

Back 16

Acoustic Confusion

Front 17

To recall/remember items in any order. Ineffective.

Back 17

Free Recall

Front 18

Two effects that can be shown by a serial position curve in Free Recall. Explain.

Back 18

1. Primacy effect - enhanced memory in the beginning of the presentation sequence
2. Recency effect - enhanced memory in the end of the presentation sequence

Front 19

Repeat the information over and over again.

Back 19

Maintenance Rehearsal

Front 20

Involves thinking about the material in ways they may relate to information you know.

Back 20

Elaborative Rehearsal

Front 21

This while encoding is said to determine the level of processing performace.

Back 21

Level Of Processing

Front 22

Recall Performance depends on not how information is processed but on whether the processing during encoding is appropriate to the processing required during retrieval.

Back 22

Transfer Appropriate Processing

Front 23

Amount of information that can be stored. Magic Number?

Back 23

Storage Capacity
7 {+/-} 2

Front 24

Apparently isolated pieces of information are made meaningful and easy to remember by grouping them together.

Back 24

Chunking

Front 25

With the passage of time, the memory trace gradually fades

Back 25

Decay Theory

Front 26

Memory does not decay or fade and rather forgets what happened because of interference from another information stored in memory that may accumulate as time passes.

Back 26

Interference Theory

Front 27

New info replaces old info

Back 27

Retroactive Interference

Front 28

Old info affects the memory retention of new info.

Back 28

Proactive Interference

Front 29

An explicit prompt or question to recall a particular piece of information.

Back 29

Retrieval Cues

Front 30

Most effective retrieval cues are specific to encoding cues.

Back 30

Encoding Specificity

Front 31

One remembers more happy than unpleasant thoughts.

Back 31

Mood-Dependent Memory

Front 32

Person fills the gaps and smooths the rough edges by the person's expectations or knowledge.

Back 32

Reconstruction Process

Front 33

People will more likely be mislead by misinformation when they cannot detect the discrepancy between the misinformation and the actual information.

Back 33

Discrepancy Detection Principle

Front 34

SQ3R

Back 34

Study
Question
Read
Recite
Review

Front 35

strategies to help remember

Back 35

Mnemonic Devices

Front 36

Four types of Mnemonic Devices

Back 36

Verbal Organization
Method of Ioci
Peg Method
Keyword Technique

Front 37

Damaged hippocampus due to surgery/accident that results to difficulty forming new memories.

Back 37

Anterograde Amnesia

Front 38

Lack of Vitamin B caused by alcoholism. Resorts to confabulation to make up stories.

Back 38

Korsakoff's Syndrome

Front 39

Damage is not only located in one part of the brain. Memory loss of what happened before the accident.

Back 39

Retrograde Amnesia

Front 40

"Eating Away" of the brain. Dementia.

Back 40

Alzheimer's Disease

Front 41

Difference between Dementia nad Delirium

Back 41

Dementia - gradual disorientation
Delirium - sudden decline in attention focus