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185 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Memory |
Our ability to encode, store, retrieve information. Exercising already existing neural pathways. |
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Episodic Memory (autobiographical) |
Memory of events from your life-- you were there, you experienced this. |
"I remember the time I __________" |
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Semantic Memory |
Memories of general knowledge |
"I know that________" |
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Procedural Memory |
Memories of skills or how to do something, muscle memory |
"I know how to_______" |
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Declarative or explicit memory |
Memories that we are consciously aware of |
Episodic, semantic |
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Non Declarative or implicit memory |
Memories that we are not consciously aware of |
Procedural |
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Distributive Practice (spacing effect) |
Spacing out your studying |
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Encoding |
Modifying information so that it can be placed into memory |
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Visual encoding |
"Seeing" a stimulus as a mental image in your mind |
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Acoustic encoding |
"Hearing" the stimulus as a sound representation |
Using syllables in a word |
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Semantic encoding |
Giving the stimulus meaning
Most effective encoding |
THUNSTOFAM
THe UNited STates OF AMerica |
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Storage |
Maintaining information over time |
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Maintenance Rehearsal storage |
Repeating information in order to remember it |
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Elaborating rehearsal storage |
We give new information meaning |
Mnemonics |
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Retrieval |
Locating stored information and returning it to consciousness |
3 problems - not encoded properly - no cues - information never entered long term memory |
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Sensory Memory |
"Memory trace" The sensory impressions of a stimulus |
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Sensory register |
The holding tank for sensory impressions, stores for only a few seconds |
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Iconic memory |
Sensory register for visual stimulus, last only a second |
Icons: visual stimuli that are permanently sketched in our minds - Nike swoosh |
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Echoic memory |
Sensory register for auditory stimulus, lasts 3-4 seconds |
Echoes: auditory stimuli that are permanently sketched in our minds - opening a soda can (pop-top) |
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Eidetic memory (imagery) |
Photographic memory- rare type of iconic memory so powerful that individuals who have it can remember or see exact mental images |
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Serial-position effect |
Tendency to remember the first and last items of a list the best |
Remembering presidents |
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Serial-position effect |
Tendency to remember the first and last items of a list the best |
Remembering presidents |
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Primacy effect |
Remembering first items in a list the best |
First impressions |
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Regency effect |
Remembering last or most recent items in a list the best |
"What have you done for me lately" |
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Regency effect |
Remembering last or most recent items in a list the best |
"What have you done for me lately" |
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Chunking |
Breaking information into smaller pieces or chunks Increases capacity of our memory |
Phone numbers |
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Regency effect |
Remembering last or most recent items in a list the best |
"What have you done for me lately" |
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Chunking |
Breaking information into smaller pieces or chunks Increases capacity of our memory |
Phone numbers |
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Displacement |
"Interference" Because STM is limited, if new information comes in it will displace other information |
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Framing |
Can influence our memory of an event How a question/statement/story is worded |
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Framing |
Can influence our memory of an event How a question/statement/story is worded |
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Misinformation effect |
Incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event |
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Framing |
Can influence our memory of an event How a question/statement/story is worded |
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Misinformation effect |
Incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event |
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Flashbulb memories |
Strong, emotional memories, so powerful our brains take a picture of it |
Episodic |
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Framing |
Can influence our memory of an event How a question/statement/story is worded |
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Misinformation effect |
Incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event |
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Flashbulb memories |
Strong, emotional memories, so powerful our brains take a picture of it |
Episodic |
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Metamemory |
Knowledge of how our own memory works |
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Framing |
Can influence our memory of an event How a question/statement/story is worded |
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Misinformation effect |
Incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event |
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Flashbulb memories |
Strong, emotional memories, so powerful our brains take a picture of it |
Episodic |
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Metamemory |
Knowledge of how our own memory works |
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Tip of the tongue phenomenon |
Where you know you know something but you can't get it out |
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Framing |
Can influence our memory of an event How a question/statement/story is worded |
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Misinformation effect |
Incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event |
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Flashbulb memories |
Strong, emotional memories, so powerful our brains take a picture of it |
Episodic |
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Metamemory |
Knowledge of how our own memory works |
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Tip of the tongue phenomenon |
Where you know you know something but you can't get it out |
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Context dependent memory |
Remembering something best in the place you learned it |
Remembering math in your math class versus English class |
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Framing |
Can influence our memory of an event How a question/statement/story is worded |
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Misinformation effect |
Incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event |
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Flashbulb memories |
Strong, emotional memories, so powerful our brains take a picture of it |
Episodic |
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Metamemory |
Knowledge of how our own memory works |
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Tip of the tongue phenomenon |
Where you know you know something but you can't get it out |
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Context dependent memory |
Remembering something best in the place you learned it |
Remembering math in your math class versus English class |
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State or mood congruent memory |
Emotion dependent memory, remembering something best when you're in the same mood you were in when you learned it |
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Framing |
Can influence our memory of an event How a question/statement/story is worded |
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Misinformation effect |
Incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event |
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Flashbulb memories |
Strong, emotional memories, so powerful our brains take a picture of it |
Episodic |
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Metamemory |
Knowledge of how our own memory works |
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Tip of the tongue phenomenon |
Where you know you know something but you can't get it out |
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Context dependent memory |
Remembering something best in the place you learned it |
Remembering math in your math class versus English class |
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State or mood congruent memory |
Emotion dependent memory, remembering something best when you're in the same mood you were in when you learned it |
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Priming |
Activating associations in memory, using triggers or cues |
Smells |
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Framing |
Can influence our memory of an event How a question/statement/story is worded |
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Misinformation effect |
Incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event |
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Flashbulb memories |
Strong, emotional memories, so powerful our brains take a picture of it |
Episodic |
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Metamemory |
Knowledge of how our own memory works |
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Tip of the tongue phenomenon |
Where you know you know something but you can't get it out |
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Context dependent memory |
Remembering something best in the place you learned it |
Remembering math in your math class versus English class |
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State or mood congruent memory |
Emotion dependent memory, remembering something best when you're in the same mood you were in when you learned it |
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Priming |
Activating associations in memory, using triggers or cues |
Smells |
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Recognition |
Identification of objects or events previously encountered |
Multiple choice test |
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Framing |
Can influence our memory of an event How a question/statement/story is worded |
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Misinformation effect |
Incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event |
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Flashbulb memories |
Strong, emotional memories, so powerful our brains take a picture of it |
Episodic |
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Metamemory |
Knowledge of how our own memory works |
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Tip of the tongue phenomenon |
Where you know you know something but you can't get it out |
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Context dependent memory |
Remembering something best in the place you learned it |
Remembering math in your math class versus English class |
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State or mood congruent memory |
Emotion dependent memory, remembering something best when you're in the same mood you were in when you learned it |
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Priming |
Activating associations in memory, using triggers or cues |
Smells |
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Recognition |
Identification of objects or events previously encountered |
Multiple choice test |
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Recall |
Reconstructing learned material |
Fill in the blank test w/o word bank |
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Framing |
Can influence our memory of an event How a question/statement/story is worded |
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Relearning |
The number of reps it takes to learn something compared to relearning the same thing |
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Misinformation effect |
Incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event |
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Flashbulb memories |
Strong, emotional memories, so powerful our brains take a picture of it |
Episodic |
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Metamemory |
Knowledge of how our own memory works |
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Tip of the tongue phenomenon |
Where you know you know something but you can't get it out |
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Context dependent memory |
Remembering something best in the place you learned it |
Remembering math in your math class versus English class |
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State or mood congruent memory |
Emotion dependent memory, remembering something best when you're in the same mood you were in when you learned it |
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Priming |
Activating associations in memory, using triggers or cues |
Smells |
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Recognition |
Identification of objects or events previously encountered |
Multiple choice test |
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Recall |
Reconstructing learned material |
Fill in the blank test w/o word bank |
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Amnesia |
Loss of memory |
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Amnesia |
Loss of memory |
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Infantile amnesia |
Inability to recall events to about the age of 3 and sketchy recall until age 5 |
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Amnesia |
Loss of memory |
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Infantile amnesia |
Inability to recall events to about the age of 3 and sketchy recall until age 5 |
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Anterograde amnesia |
Failure to remember after an accident or other physical trauma |
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Amnesia |
Loss of memory |
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Infantile amnesia |
Inability to recall events to about the age of 3 and sketchy recall until age 5 |
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Anterograde amnesia |
Failure to remember after an accident or other physical trauma |
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Retrograde |
Failure to remember before and accident or other physical trauma |
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Amnesia |
Loss of memory |
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Infantile amnesia |
Inability to recall events to about the age of 3 and sketchy recall until age 5 |
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Anterograde amnesia |
Failure to remember after an accident or other physical trauma |
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Retrograde |
Failure to remember before and accident or other physical trauma |
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Pyschogenic amnesia (dissociative) |
Forgetting or displacing information resulting from psychological trauma or other mental conflicts |
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Amnesia |
Loss of memory |
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Infantile amnesia |
Inability to recall events to about the age of 3 and sketchy recall until age 5 |
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Anterograde amnesia |
Failure to remember after an accident or other physical trauma |
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Retrograde |
Failure to remember before and accident or other physical trauma |
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Pyschogenic amnesia (dissociative) |
Forgetting or displacing information resulting from psychological trauma or other mental conflicts |
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Source amnesia |
Knowing how to do something but not remembering where you learned it |
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Amnesia |
Loss of memory |
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Infantile amnesia |
Inability to recall events to about the age of 3 and sketchy recall until age 5 |
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Anterograde amnesia |
Failure to remember after an accident or other physical trauma |
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Retrograde |
Failure to remember before and accident or other physical trauma |
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Pyschogenic amnesia (dissociative) |
Forgetting or displacing information resulting from psychological trauma or other mental conflicts |
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Source amnesia |
Knowing how to do something but not remembering where you learned it |
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Interference theory |
The idea that stored or new material can interfere with learning |
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Amnesia |
Loss of memory |
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Infantile amnesia |
Inability to recall events to about the age of 3 and sketchy recall until age 5 |
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Anterograde amnesia |
Failure to remember after an accident or other physical trauma |
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Retrograde |
Failure to remember before and accident or other physical trauma |
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Pyschogenic amnesia (dissociative) |
Forgetting or displacing information resulting from psychological trauma or other mental conflicts |
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Source amnesia |
Knowing how to do something but not remembering where you learned it |
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Interference theory |
The idea that stored or new material can interfere with learning |
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Retroactive interference e |
Where new information interferes with our ability to remember old information |
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Amnesia |
Loss of memory |
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Infantile amnesia |
Inability to recall events to about the age of 3 and sketchy recall until age 5 |
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Anterograde amnesia |
Failure to remember after an accident or other physical trauma |
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Retrograde |
Failure to remember before and accident or other physical trauma |
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Pyschogenic amnesia (dissociative) |
Forgetting or displacing information resulting from psychological trauma or other mental conflicts |
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Source amnesia |
Knowing how to do something but not remembering where you learned it |
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Interference theory |
The idea that stored or new material can interfere with learning |
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Retroactive interference e |
Where new information interferes with our ability to remember old information |
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Proactive interference |
Where old information interferes with our ability to remember new information |
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Hierarchical organization |
Our tendency to classify our long term memories in to subordinate and super ordinate categories |
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Hierarchical organization |
Our tendency to classify our long term memories in to subordinate and super ordinate categories |
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Engrams |
The actual location of memory in the brain, electrical circuit |
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Hierarchical organization |
Our tendency to classify our long term memories in to subordinate and super ordinate categories |
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Engrams |
The actual location of memory in the brain, electrical circuit |
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Memory molecules |
DNA remembers information from generation to generation, RNA changes with experience |
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Hierarchical organization |
Our tendency to classify our long term memories in to subordinate and super ordinate categories |
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Engrams |
The actual location of memory in the brain, electrical circuit |
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Memory molecules |
DNA remembers information from generation to generation, RNA changes with experience |
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Acetylcholine |
Vital in memory formation, connected to Alzheimer's |
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Hierarchical organization |
Our tendency to classify our long term memories in to subordinate and super ordinate categories |
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Engrams |
The actual location of memory in the brain, electrical circuit |
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Memory molecules |
DNA remembers information from generation to generation, RNA changes with experience |
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Acetylcholine |
Vital in memory formation, connected to Alzheimer's |
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Serotonin |
Increases efficiency of conditioning in sea snails |
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Hierarchical organization |
Our tendency to classify our long term memories in to subordinate and super ordinate categories |
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Engrams |
The actual location of memory in the brain, electrical circuit |
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Memory molecules |
DNA remembers information from generation to generation, RNA changes with experience |
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Acetylcholine |
Vital in memory formation, connected to Alzheimer's |
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Serotonin |
Increases efficiency of conditioning in sea snails |
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Hippocampus |
Converts STM to LTM |
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Hierarchical organization |
Our tendency to classify our long term memories in to subordinate and super ordinate categories |
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Engrams |
The actual location of memory in the brain, electrical circuit |
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Memory molecules |
DNA remembers information from generation to generation, RNA changes with experience |
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Acetylcholine |
Vital in memory formation, connected to Alzheimer's |
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Serotonin |
Increases efficiency of conditioning in sea snails |
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Hippocampus |
Converts STM to LTM |
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Cerebellum |
Responsible for procedural memories |
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Hierarchical organization |
Our tendency to classify our long term memories in to subordinate and super ordinate categories |
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Engrams |
The actual location of memory in the brain, electrical circuit |
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Memory molecules |
DNA remembers information from generation to generation, RNA changes with experience |
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Acetylcholine |
Vital in memory formation, connected to Alzheimer's |
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Serotonin |
Increases efficiency of conditioning in sea snails |
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Hippocampus |
Converts STM to LTM |
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Cerebellum |
Responsible for procedural memories |
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Amygdala |
Emotional memories, episodic/flashbulb |
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Occipital lobe |
Visual memories |
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Occipital lobe |
Visual memories |
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Temporal lobe |
Auditory memories |
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Frontal lobe |
Stores semantic and episodic memories, types of LTM |
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Frontal lobe |
Stores semantic and episodic memories, types of LTM |
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Motor cortex |
Involved in storing procedural memories, voluntary |
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Frontal lobe |
Stores semantic and episodic memories, types of LTM |
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Motor cortex |
Involved in storing procedural memories, voluntary |
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Prefrontal cortex |
Involved in storing short term memories, working memory |
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