Memory

Front 1

Short-term memory

Back 1

Your memory for intermediate events. Short-term memories last for a very short time and disappear unless they are rehearsed. The short-term memory store has limited duration and limited capacity.

Front 2

Long-term memory

Back 2

Your memory for events that have happened in the past. Lasting anywhere from 2mins to 100yrs. Long-term memory store has potentially unlimited duration and capacity.

Front 3

Duration

Back 3

A measure of how long a memory lasts before it is no longer avaliable.

Front 4

Capacity

Back 4

Measure of how much can be held in memory. Measured in terms of bits of information.

Front 5

Encoding

Back 5

The way information is changed so that it can be stored in memory.

Front 6

Chunking

Back 6

Capacity can be enhanced by grouping sets of digits or letters into meaningful units or 'chunks'.

Front 7

STM duration

Back 7

Measured in seconds and minutes

Front 8

LTM duration

Back 8

Measured in hours, days and years. Potenially unlimited.

Front 9

STM capacity

Back 9

7 +/- 2

Front 10

Memory

Back 10

The process by which we retain information about events that have happened in the past.

Front 11

LTM capacity

Back 11

Potentially unlimited

Front 12

STM encoding

Back 12

Acoustic or visual

Front 13

LTM encoding

Back 13

Semantic (meaning)

Front 14

Sensory store

Back 14

The inforamtion at the senses, which is retained for a brief period by the sensory registers.

Front 15

Multi-store memory model

Back 15

environmental stimuli -> sensory memory -> attention -> short-term memory (maintenacne rehearsal) -> elaborative rehearsal -> long-term memory

Front 16

Working memory model

Back 16

Central exectutive, Phonological loop, LTM, visuo-spatial sketch pad <-> Episodic buffer

Front 17

Central executive

Back 17

Monitors and coordinates all other mental functions in working memory.

Front 18

Phonological loop

Back 18

Encodes speech sounds in working memory, typically involving maintenance rehearsal.

Front 19

Visuo-spatial sketchpad

Back 19

Encodes visual information in terms of separate objects as well as the arrangement of these objects in one's visual field.

Front 20

Episodic buffer

Back 20

Recieves input from many sources, temporarily stores this information and then integrates it in order to construct a mental episode of what is being experiences right now.

Front 21

word-length effect

Back 21

The observation that people remember lists of short words better than lists of long words.

Front 22

Eyewitness testimony

Back 22

The evidence provided in court by a person who witnessed a crime, with a view to identifying the perpetrator of the crime. The accuracy of eyewitness recall may be affected during initial encoding, subequent storage and eventual retrieval.

Front 23

Leading (misleading) question

Back 23

A question that, either by its form or by its content, suggests to the witness what answer is desired or leads him to the desired answer.

Front 24

Anxiety

Back 24

an unpleasant emotional state where we fear that something bad is about to happen. People become anxious when they are in stressful situations, and this tends to be accompanied by physiological arousal.

Front 25

Cognitive interview

Back 25

A police technique for interviewing witnesses toa crime, which encourages them to recreate the original context in order to increase the accessibility of stored information.