Memory

Front 1

Short - Term Memory

Back 1

Your memory for immediate events. These memories last for a very short time and disappear unless they are rehearsed

Front 2

Long - Term Memory

Back 2

Your memory for events that have happened in the past. This lasts anywhere from 2 minutes to 100 years.

Front 3

Duration

Back 3

A measure of how long a memory lasts before it is no longer available.

Front 4

Capacity

Back 4

This is a measure of how much can be held in memory.

Front 5

Encoding

Back 5

The way information is changed so that it can be stored in memory

Front 6

Chunking

Back 6

Miller proposed that the capacity of STM can be enhanced by grouping sets of digits or letters into meaningful units or 'chunks'

Front 7

Acoustic encoding

Back 7

This involves coding information in terms of the way it sounds

Front 8

Semantic encoding

Back 8

This involves coding information in terms of its meaning

Front 9

Sensory store / memory

Back 9

This is the information at the senses - information collected by your eyes, ears etc. Information is retained for a very brief period by the sensory registers

Front 10

Maintenance Rehearsal

Back 10

Rehearsing information in STM so as to ensure it doesnt become lost

Front 11

Elaborative Rehearsal

Back 11

Thorough rehearsal which takes information from STM to LTM

Front 12

Central executive

Back 12

Monitors and coordinates all other mental functions in working memory

Front 13

Phonological Loop

Back 13

Encodes speech sounds in working memory, subdivided into phonological store (inner ear), articulatory process (inner voice)

Front 14

Visuo - Spatial Sketchpad

Back 14

Encodes visual information in terms of separate objects as well as the arrangement of these objects in one's visual field

Front 15

Episodic Buffer

Back 15

Receives input from many sources, used as a general store

Front 16

Word - Length Effect

Back 16

The observation that people remember lists of short words better than lists of long words

Front 17

Eye Witness Testimony (EWT)

Back 17

The term eyewitness testimony is a legal term, referring to the use of eyewitnesses to give evidence in court concerning the identity of someone who has committed a crime

Front 18

Leading (Misleading) Questions

Back 18

A question that , either by its forn or by its content, suggests to the witness what answer is desired or leads him to the desired answer

Front 19

Individual Differences

Back 19

Everybody is different and therfore will give different EWT, lowers reliability of EWT

Front 20

Anxiety

Back 20

An unpleasant emotional state where we fear that something bad is abput to happen. People often get anxious when they are in a stressful situation.
Much research in this area is focused on the effects of arousal on EWT

Front 21

The Weapon - Focus Effect

Back 21

The presence of a weapon reduces the chances of a witness correctly identifying the person holding it

Front 22

Age Differences In Accuracy

Back 22

Older people arent as accurate at EWT as younger people, and are more likely to be manipulated by leading questions

Front 23

Cognitive Interview

Back 23

A police technique for interviewing witnesses to a crime, which encourages them to recreate the original context in order to increase the accessibility of stored information

Front 24

Strategies For Memory Improvement

Back 24

Mnemonic techniques - Verbal, Visual imagery.
Organistaion, Elaborative rehearsal, Dual coding hypothesis