Memorize Step 1

Front 1

C2 Dermatome

Back 1

Posterior scalp

Front 2

C3 Dermatome

Back 2

Upper neck

Front 3

C4 dermatome

Back 3

Lower neck

Front 4

C6 dermatome

Back 4

1st digit (thumb)

Front 5

C7 dermatome

Back 5

3rd digit (middle finger)

Front 6

C8 dermatome

Back 6

5th digit (little finger)

Front 7

T4 dermatome

Back 7

nipple line

Front 8

T7 dermatome

Back 8

xiphoid process

Front 9

T10 dermatome

Back 9

Navel line

Front 10

L1 dermatome

Back 10

inguinal ligament

Front 11

L4 dermatome

Back 11

patella and medial malleolus

Front 12

L5 dermatome

Back 12

Dorsum of foot

Front 13

S1 dermatome

Back 13

Lateral malleolus

Front 14

S2-S4 dermatome

Back 14

perineal region

Front 15

Biceps reflex innervated by

Back 15

C5

Front 16

Brachioradialis reflex innervated by

Back 16

C6

Front 17

Triceps reflex innervated by

Back 17

C7

Front 18

Cremaster reflex innervated by

Back 18

L1-L2

Front 19

patellar reflex innervated by

Back 19

L4

Front 20

Achilles reflex innervated by

Back 20

S1

Front 21

Anal wink reflex innervated by

Back 21

S3-S4

Front 22

What is the main muscle in shoulder abduction?

Back 22

deltoid

Front 23

deltoid muscle innervated by what nerve root

Back 23

C5

Front 24

Flexion at the elbow main muscle

Back 24

Biceps

Front 25

Biceps and Brachioradialis innervated by what nerve root?

Back 25

C5-C6

Front 26

wrist extensors innervated by what nerve root?

Back 26

C6-C7

Front 27

Wrist flexors innervated by what nerve root?

Back 27

C7-C8

Front 28

Elbow extension main muscle?

Back 28

triceps

Front 29

triceps innervated by what nerve root?

Back 29

C7-C8

Front 30

finger flexion innervated by what nerve root

Back 30

C8

Front 31

Finger abduction and adductions (interossei) innervated by what nerve root

Back 31

T1

Front 32

Ankle inversion and dorsiflexion innervated by what nerve root

Back 32

L4

Front 33

great toe dorsiflexion innervated by what nerve root

Back 33

L5

Front 34

Ankle eversion and foot plantar flexion innervated by what nerve root?

Back 34

S1

Front 35

Upper anterior thigh sensation innervated by what nerve root?

Back 35

L1 for iliopsoas m.

Front 36

Middle anterior thigh sensation innervated by what nerve root?

Back 36

L2 for iliopsoas, quadriceps, and adductors

Front 37

lower anterior thigh sensation innervated by what nerve root?

Back 37

L3 for iliopsoas, quadriceps, and adductors

Front 38

medial malleolus sensation innervated by what nerve root?

Back 38

L4 for anterior tibialis m.

Front 39

dorsum of foot sensation innervated by what nerve root?

Back 39

L5 for extensor hallicus longus

Front 40

lateral malleolus sensation innervated by what nerve root?

Back 40

S1 for peroneus longus and brevis, and gastrocnemius

Front 41

sensitivity definition

Back 41

proportion of the people with the disease that test positive; how many true positives among all people with the disease

Front 42

sensitivity formula

Back 42

TP/(TP + FN)

Front 43

Specificity definition

Back 43

proportion of people without the disease who test negative; how many true negatives among all the people without the disease

Front 44

specificity formula

Back 44

TN/(TN+FP)

Front 45

Positive predictive value definition

Back 45

proportion of positive results that are true positive; depends on the amount of people within a population that have the disease

Front 46

positive predictive value formula

Back 46

TP/(TP+FP)

Front 47

Negative predictive value definition

Back 47

how many negative tests are truly negative? depends on the prevalence in the population

Front 48

Negative predictive value formula

Back 48

TN/(TN+FN)

Front 49

incidence formula

Back 49

# new cases/# at risk

Front 50

Prevalence formula

Back 50

# existing/total # of population

Front 51

Volume of distribution formula

Back 51

Vd=Dose/Plasma Concentration (Cp)

Front 52

Clearance formula

Back 52

CL=rate of elimination/plasma concentration (Cp)

Front 53

Half-life formula

Back 53

T1/2=[0.7*Volume of distribution (Vd)]/Clearance

Front 54

Loading dose formula

Back 54

[Css*volume of distribution(Vd)]/bioavailability (F)

Front 55

Maintenance dose formula

Back 55

maintenance=[Css*clearance (Cl)]/Bioavailability(F)

Front 56

Head and neck SNS levels

Back 56

T1-T4

Front 57

CV SNS levels

Back 57

T1-T5

Front 58

Respiratory SNS levels

Back 58

T2-T7

Front 59

Stomach, liver, and gallbladder SNS levels

Back 59

T5-T9

Front 60

Small intestine SNS innervation

Back 60

T9-11

Front 61

Pancreas SNS levels

Back 61

T5-T11

Front 62

Ovaries/Testicles SNS levels

Back 62

T9-T10

Front 63

KUB SNS levels

Back 63

T10-L1

Front 64

Large intestines, rectum SNS levels

Back 64

T8-L2

Front 65

Uterus SNS levels

Back 65

T10-L1

Front 66

Prostate SNS levels

Back 66

L1-L2

Front 67

Pupils PNS innervation

Back 67

CN III via ciliary ganglion

Front 68

Lacrimal and nasal glands PNS innervation

Back 68

CN VII via pterygopalatine ganglion

Front 69

Submandibular and Sublingual gland PNS innervation

Back 69

CN VII via submandibular gland

Front 70

Parotid glands PNS innervation

Back 70

CN IX via otic ganglion

Front 71

All thoracic organs up to the distal 1/3 of transverse colon, kidney, superior 1/2 of ureters, and testes & ovaries PNS innervation

Back 71

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Front 72

distal 1/3 of transverse colon and remaining alimentary canal, inferior 1/2 of ureters, and all pelvic organs EXCEPT OVARIES AND TESTES PNS innervation

Back 72

S2-S4

Front 73

Middle ear anterior chapman point

Back 73

superior to medial clavicles

Front 74

middle ear posterior chapman point

Back 74

C1 posterior rami

Front 75

Sinuses anterior chapman point

Back 75

inferior to medial clavicles

Front 76

Sinuses posterior chapman point

Back 76

C2 articular pillars

Front 77

Pharynx anterior chapman point

Back 77

inferior to sternoclavicular joints

Front 78

pharynx posterior chapman point

Back 78

C2 articular pillars

Front 79

tonsils anterior chapman point

Back 79

medial 1st inercostal spaces

Front 80

tonsils posterior chapman point

Back 80

C2 articular pillars

Front 81

What do the Sinuses, pharynx, tonsils, and tongue have in common regarding chapman's points?

Back 81

their posterior points are all at the C2 articular pillars

Front 82

Esophagus, thyroid, and heart anterior chapman point

Back 82

Medial 2nd intercostal space

Front 83

Esophagus, thyroid, and heart posterior chapman point

Back 83

T2 transverse process

Front 84

Upper lung, arm anterior chapman point

Back 84

medial 3rd intercostal space

Front 85

Upper lung, arm posterior chapman point

Back 85

T3 transverse process

Front 86

Lower lung anterior chapman point

Back 86

medial 4th intercostal spaces

Front 87

Lower lung posterior chapman point

Back 87

T4 transverse processes

Front 88

Liver anterior chapman point

Back 88

Right medial 5th and 6th intercostal spaces

Front 89

Liver posterior chapman point

Back 89

Right T5 and T6 transverse processes

Front 90

Stomach acidity anterior chapman point

Back 90

left medial 5th intercostal space

Front 91

Stomach acidity posterior chapman point

Back 91

left T5 transverse process

Front 92

Gallbladder anterior chapman point

Back 92

Right medial 6th intercostal space

Front 93

Gallbladder posterior chapman point

Back 93

right T6 transverse process

Front 94

Pancreas anterior chapman point

Back 94

right medial 7th intercostal space

Front 95

Pancreas posterior chapman point

Back 95

Right T7 transverse process

Front 96

Spleen anterior chapman point

Back 96

left medial 7th intercostal space

Front 97

Spleen posterior chapman point

Back 97

Left T7 transverse process

Front 98

Small intestine anterior chapman point

Back 98

medial 8th-10th intercostal spaces

Front 99

Small intestine posterior chapman point

Back 99

T8-T10 transverse processes

Front 100

Pyloris anterior chapman point

Back 100

Midline body of sternum

Front 101

Pyloris posterior chapman point

Back 101

T9 transverse process

Front 102

Adrenals anterior chapman point

Back 102

1" lateral and 2" superior to umbilicus

Front 103

Adrenals posterior chapman point

Back 103

T11 transverse process

Front 104

Kidneys anterior chapman point

Back 104

1" lateral and 1" superior to ubilicus

Front 105

Kidneys posterior chapman point

Back 105

L1 transverse process

Front 106

Bladder anterior chapman point

Back 106

Periumbilical region

Front 107

Bladder posterior chapman point

Back 107

L2 transverse process

Front 108

intestine peristalsis anterior chapman point

Back 108

1-2" inferior and lateral to ASIS

Front 109

intestine peristalsis posterior chapman point

Back 109

Between T10 and T11 transverse processes

Front 110

Appendix anterior chapman point

Back 110

Tip of 12th rib on the right

Front 111

Appendix posterior chapman point

Back 111

Right T11 transverse process

Front 112

Ovaries anterior chapman point

Back 112

Pubic tubercles

Front 113

Ovaries posterior chapman point

Back 113

T10 transverse processes

Front 114

Urethra anterior chapman point

Back 114

Pubic tubercles

Front 115

Urethra posterior chapman point

Back 115

L3 transverse processes

Front 116

What do the ovaries and urethra have in common regarding chapman points?

Back 116

both have the same anterior chapman point at the pubic tubercles

Front 117

uterus anterior chapman point

Back 117

inferior pubic rami

Front 118

uterus posterior chapman point

Back 118

L5 transverse processes

Front 119

rectum anterior chapman point

Back 119

lesser trochanters

Front 120

rectum posterior chapman point

Back 120

lateral aspect of middle sacrum

Front 121

colon anterior chapman point

Back 121

anterior iliotibial bands

Front 122

colon posterior chapman point

Back 122

L2-L4 transverse processes

Front 123

Prostate, broad ligament anterior chapman point

Back 123

lateral iliotibial bands

Front 124

Prostate, broad ligament posterior chapman point

Back 124

PSIS

Front 125

What are the main muscles involved in abducting the hip?

Back 125

Gluteus medius and minimus

Front 126

What are the main muscles involved in adducting the hip?

Back 126

Adductor longus, brevis, magnus, and gracilis

Front 127

What are the main muscle in flexion of the hip?

Back 127

iliopsoas

Front 128

What are the main muscles involved in extension of the hip?

Back 128

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, and gluteus maximus

Front 129

What are the main muscles involved in external rotation of the hip?

Back 129

piriformis, obturator externus and internus, superior and inferior gemelii

Front 130

What are the main muscles involved in internal rotation of the hip?

Back 130

gracilis and anterior portions of gluteus medius and minimus

Front 131

What are the major muscles involved in abduction of the glenohumeral joint?

Back 131

supraspinatus, middle portion of the deltoid

Front 132

What are the major muscles involved in adduction of the glenohumeral joint?

Back 132

pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, and subscapularis

Front 133

What are the major muscles involved in flexion of the glenohumeral joint?

Back 133

coracobrachialis, anterior portion of the deltoid

Front 134

What are the major muscles involved in extension of the glenohumeral joint?

Back 134

posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi

Front 135

What are the major muscles involved in external rotation of the glenohumeral joint?

Back 135

infraspinatus, teres minor, posterior portion of the deltoid

Front 136

What are the major muscles involved in internal rotation of the glenohumeral joint?

Back 136

subscapularis, teres major, pectoralis major, anterior portion of deltoid

Front 137

What are the major muscles involved in elevation of the scapula?

Back 137

trapezius (superior part), levator scapulae, rhomboids

Front 138

What are the major muscles involved in depression of the scapula?

Back 138

gravity, pectoralis major (inferior sternocostal head), latissimus dorsi, trapezius (inferior part)

Front 139

What are the major muscles involved in protraction of the scapula?

Back 139

serratus anterior, pectoralis minor, pectoralis major

Front 140

What are the major muscles involved in retraction of the scapula?

Back 140

trapezius (middle portion), rhomboids, latissimus dorsi

Front 141

What are the major muscles involved in upward rotation of the scapula?

Back 141

trapezius (superior part), serratus anterior (inferior part), trapezius (inferior part)

Front 142

What are the major muscles involved in downward rotation of the scapula?

Back 142

Latissimus dorsi, gravity, pectoralis major

Front 143

What muscle does L4 innervate?

Back 143

Tibialis Anterior

Front 144

What is Tibialis anterior muscle's main action?

Back 144

Eversion and dorsiflexion of the foot

Front 145

What reflex is L4 responsible for?

Back 145

Patellar reflex

Front 146

What area of the lower extremity is L4 responsible for sensation?

Back 146

anterior surface of the lower leg. then it moves around medially to the inside of the great toe

Front 147

What muscle does L5 innervate?

Back 147

extensor digitorum longus

Front 148

What is extensor digitorum longus muscle's main action?

Back 148

dorsiflexion of the foot

Front 149

What reflex is L5 responsible for?

Back 149

L5 isn't responsible for a reflex

Front 150

What part of the lower extremity is L5 responsible for sensation?

Back 150

Down the anterior middle of the lower extremity and most of the dorsum of the foot

Front 151

What muscle does S1 innervate?

Back 151

Peroneus longus (aka fibularis longus)

Front 152

What is Peroneus longus muscle's main action?

Back 152

eversion of the foot

Front 153

What reflex is S1 responsible for?

Back 153

Achilles tendon reflex

Front 154

What part of the lower extremity is S1 responsible for sensation?

Back 154

Back of calf, along the sole and lateral edge of the foot

Front 155

deltoid muscle spinal level

Back 155

C5

Front 156

spinal level for wrist extensors

Back 156

C6

Front 157

spinal level of wrist flexors

Back 157

C7

Front 158

spinal level of finger flexors

Back 158

C8

Front 159

Spinal level for interossei muscles (the little guys between your fingers)

Back 159

T1

Front 160

spinal level for biceps reflex

Back 160

C5

Front 161

spinal level for brachioradialis reflex

Back 161

C6

Front 162

spinal level of triceps reflex

Back 162

C7

Front 163

What happens when cranial nerves III, IV & VI are entrapped?

Back 163

EOM dysfunction

Front 164

What happens when cranial nerve V is entrapped?

Back 164

trigeminal neuralgia

Front 165

What happens with cranial nerve VII is entrapped?

Back 165

Bell's palsy

Front 166

What happens when cranial nerves IX, X, and XII are entrapped?

Back 166

feeding disorders

Front 167

What happens when cranial nerve XI is entrapped?

Back 167

torticollis

Front 168

What spinal levels does the sciatic nerve arise from?

Back 168

L4-S3

Front 169

hat foramen does the sciatic nerve exit the pelvis?

Back 169

Greater sciatic foramen

Front 170

What muscle does the sciatic nerve typically go under after it has exited the pelvis?

Back 170

piriformis

Front 171

In 10% of the population, the sciatic nerve passes through the piriformis muscle. what can this cause?

Back 171

piriformis syndrome causing impairment or loss of conduction of sensory neurons

Front 172

There are 3 places the brachial plexus can be impinged leading to thoracic outlet syndrome. Where are they?

and how do we test for them?

Back 172

Between the clavicle and !st rib (costoclavicular compression test)

Between anterior and middle scalene muscles (scalene compression test (adson's maneuver))

Under the pectoralis minor muscle or tendon (pectoralis compression test)

Front 173

What drains the right upper body (mainly the right upper extremity and right side of the face)?

Back 173

right lymphatic duct

Front 174

How many times does the right lymphatic duct cross the thoracic inlet?

Back 174

it crosses the thoracic inlet once

Front 175

Where does the right lymphatic duct drain into?

Back 175

the jugulosubclavian junction

Front 176

What drains the left upper body and all of the lower body?

Back 176

thoracic duct

Front 177

How many times does the thoracic duct cross the thoracic inlet?

Back 177

twice

Front 178

Where does the thoracic duct drain into?

Back 178

the subclavian and left brachiocephalic vein junction

Front 179

What is the mechanical difference between intrinsic and extrinsic lymphatic pumps?

Back 179

extrinsic pumps exert a direct EXTERNAL pressure on the vessels to propel the lymph through the vasculature

Front 180

What is an example of an intrinsic lymphatic pump?

Back 180

Lymphangions (functional unit of lymph vessels).

they contract according to autonomics (6-8x/minute)

Front 181

Name some examples of extrinsic lymphatic pumps

Back 181

Diaphragms

REspiration

peristalsis

Arteries adjacent to lymphatics

body movement

external compression (bandages, OMT, water emersion, etc)