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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is vaginitis or vulvovaginitis?
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* the most common reason women seek gynecologic care
* increased vaginal discharge, vulvar irritation c pruritus, external dysuria or a foul odor * indicates infectious abnormal organisms or overgrowth of normal flora |
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What is bacterial vaginosis (aka gardnerella vaginitis)?
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Alteration of normal vaginal bacterial flora (loss of hydrogen lactobacilli and overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria)
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What are the symptoms/diagnosis of Bacterial vaginosis?
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* lots of watery, white/gray vaginal discharge with a foul "fishy" odor
* "clue cells" on a wet mount c no leukocytes * also tested by the "whiff test" * vaginal pH is usually greater than 4.5 (normal 3.8 - 4.2) |
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What is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis?
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Non PG: Flagyl (metronidazole)
PG: need to avoid metronidazole during the first trimester (Clindamycin is the drug of choice during the first trimester) |
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Describe use of Flagyl (metronidazole)?
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* antiprotozoal and antibacterial agent against trichomoniasis, amebiasis and bv
* contraindicated breastfeeding, first trimester, * avoid alcohol (extreme nausea) |
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What is Vulvovaginal Candidiasis?
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* candida albicans is responsible for 90% of vaginal yeast infections
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What are the symptoms/diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis?
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*thick curdy vaginal discharge, itching, dysuria, dyspareunia (male partner may experience rash or excoriation of penis)
* diagnosis by direct obsesrvation under microscope * vagina ph remains 4.5 or less |
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What are the predisposing factors to yeast infections?
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* use of oral contraceptive
* use of antibiotics * pregnancy * diabetes * use of immunosuppressants |
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What is the treatment for yeast infections?
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*topically applied azole drugs (intravaginal creams such as nystatin, miconzole, etc.)--oral fluconazole in a single dose is also effective
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What is trichomoniasis?
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STI caused by trichomonas vaginalis (protozoan that thrives in alkaline enviroment)--transmission through sexual contact, shared bath facilities, wet swim suits
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What are the symptoms and diagnosis of trichomoniasis?
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*yellow-green, frothy odorous discharge, vulvar itching, dysuria, dysparenuria
*diagnosis wetmount *vaginal ph 4.5 or higher * positive whiff test |
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What is the treatment for trichomoniasis?
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* treatment for pregnant and nonpregnant women is Flagyl
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Describe Chlamydia.
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* the most common sti in the US (most frequently occurrng in active adolescents and young adults)
* the organism has several different immunotypes also responsible for lymphogranuloma venereum and trachoma (world's leading cause of blindness) |
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Describe complications of Chlamydia
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PID, infertility, ectopic pregnancy
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Risks of Trichomoniasis in pregnancy
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* prom, preterm birth and low birth weight
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Describe the treatment for chlamydia.
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non-pg: doxycycline or azithromycin
pg: erythromycin or amoxicillin |
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Risks of Chlamydia in pregnancy
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*opthalmia neonatorum or chlamydial pneumonia
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Describe symptoms of chlamydia
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* asymptomatic is common (70%); male nongonococcal urethritis; may result in epididymitis and infertility
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