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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe 5 items to include in menstruation patient teaching
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1) cycle length
2) amount of flow (25 - 60 ml) 3)length of menses (2 -8 days) 4) tampons, pads, tss 5) hygiene: front to back, vaginal sprays/douching |
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What is menorrhagia
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Bleeding that is excessive in amount and duration, regular intervals
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What is metrorrhagia
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Bleeding of normal amount, occuring at irregular intervals
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What is hypermenorrhagia
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long duration of menstrual flow
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What is hypomenorrhagia
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short duration of menstrual flow
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What is oligomenorrhea
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bleeding, often irregular at intervals > 40 days
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What is polymenorrhagia
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bleeding, often irregular at intervals < 40 days
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What is Intermenstrual bleeding
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break through bleeding
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Describe the link between tampons and TSS
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risk increases with the length of time and level of absorbancy
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What is primary amenorrhea
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menstruation not established by age 16
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What is secondary amenorrhea
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established menses > 3 months ceases
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What are the 4 most frequent causes of amenorrhea
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1. Hypothalmic dysfunction (tumors, stress,weight loss, stress, excessive exercise)
2. Pituitary dysfunction 3. Ovarian dysfunction 4. Anatomic abnormalities |
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Describe 7 types of PMS symptoms (that occur after ovulation)
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1. psychologic (irritability, lethragy, depression, etc)
2. neurologic: migraine, vertigo, syncope 3. respiratory: rhinitis, hoarseness, asthma 4. gastrointestinal: n/v constip, sweets craving 5. urinary: retention and oliguria 6. dermatologic: acne 7. mammary: swelling/tenderness |
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Describe PMS treatments
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exercise, vitamin supplements, diuretics, calcium supplementation, prostaglandin inhibitors
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Define menopause
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the time when menses ceases for one year (marking end of reproductive abilities) usually 45 - 52 years of age
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Define climacteric
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change of life (referring to the whole host of psychological and physical alterations that occur around the time of menopause)
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Define perimenopause
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the period of time 2-8 years prior to menopause, characterized by decreased ovarian function
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List 6 Symptoms of perimenopause
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1. hot flashes vasomotor instability
2. irregular periods 3. PMS 4. insomnia 5. mood changes 6. weight gain |
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Describe 6 Physical changes in menopause
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1. reproductive system: atrophy, decreased libido
2. vasomotor 3. musculoskeletal: decrease in estrogen and androgen cause decrease in bone density 4. skin: loss of protein/collagen 5. cardiovascular: increase in heart disease 6. cognitive function declines with age |
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Treatment of menopause discomforts
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* hormone therapy used less frequently (b/c increased risk of breast cancer)
* lifestyle changes (weight bearing exercise, avoiding caffeine, alcohol, spicy foods) * complementary therapies |
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Important things to know about Fosamax and Actonel
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* Treatment for or prevention of ostoeporosis
* Calcium regulators that act by inhibiing bone resorption and increasing bone mass. * must be taken on an empty stomach with water; woman must be upright for 30 min after taking medication and before eating |
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Important things to know about Evista
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* acts like estrogen protecting against osteoporosis
* does not stimulate breast or uterine tissue * may increase hot flashes * does not relieve any menopausal symptoms |
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Benefits and risks of hormone replacement therapy
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* estrogen or combined estrogen with progestin may relieve hot flasthes/night sweats, reverse vaginal atrophy and prevent osteoporosis
* may also relieve urinary sypmtoms and offer protection against colon cancer and Alzheimers *increase risk of heart attack, stroke, blood clots and invasive breast cancer |
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Current HRT for severe menopausal symptoms
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* short term (1 - 4 years)
* when benefits outweigh risks |
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Risk factors for osteoporosis
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* caucasian
* small body frame, low weight * nulliparity * smoking, heavy alcohol intake, certain meds such as anticonvulsants, corticosteroids, lithium * european/asian descent * middle aged/elderly women |
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Describe salmon calcitonin
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calcium regulator that may inhibit bone loss and is approved for use in women who are at least 5 years menopausal; administered as a nasal spray--not frequently used
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