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41 Cards in this Set
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Reflected general displeasure with pricing and styles.
Most violent riots occurred in New York City, May 10, 1849; left atleast 25 dead and more than120 injured. |
Astor Place Riots |
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Consisted of 10-15 unrelated acts featuring magicians,acrobats, comedians, trained animals, singers, and dancers, physical displays.
Developed from variety shows held in beer halls for primarily male audience. |
Vaudaville |
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establishes clean variety show in 1881 at his theater in New York |
Tony Pastor |
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By 1900, there were chains of Vaudeville houses around the country, including _____________ , of which ______________ in New York was most famous. |
Martin Beck‘s Orpheum Circuit, The Palace Theatre |
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Famous Vaudaville acts and performers. |
Studs Terkel Chaz Chase - "The Eater of StrangeThings " June Havoc - "Baby June" Fanny Brice - "FunnyGirl" Burt Lahr - "Cowardly Lion" Trixie Friganza - "LittleLula" played her bass and made you "Black and Blue La La" Jack Benney Harry Houdini |
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The rise of the ____________.
_______________ resulted in _____________ ;and throughout the nineteenth century the ______________ grew in size. The ____________ movement gets voting rights for women. Workers also gained economic and political power by _____________. |
working class, industrialization, urbanization, Suffragist, unionizing. |
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Important people in the scientific advancement of the day. |
Darwin, Marx, Freud, Einstein |
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New technology of the day. |
Edison’s electric light, Graham Bell’s telephone, and the Wright brothers early flying machine. |
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Realistic Drama |
Artists attempted to create an illusion of everyday life on stage. The action onstage resembled what people could observe around them: characters behaved, spoke, and dressed like ordinary people. – The purpose of drama was to call the audience’s attention to social problems in order to bring about change. No subject matter should be excluded from the stage. Among the taboo subjects dramatized by realists were economic injustice, the sexual double standard,unhappy marriages, venereal disease, and religious hypocrisy. – Instead of stock characters, created complicated personalities who would seem to have been molded as real people are by both heredity and environment. Language was colloquial and conversational. |
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Henrik Ibsen |
Mastery of dramatic technique, his psychological insights into human nature, and his poetic symbolism. Plays explore the interaction of people with society, dealing with such problems as unhappy marriages, the sexual double standard, infidelity, and the position of women.Because of their frank treatment of controversial subject matter, they often provoked angry debate when they were first presented.The purpose of drama was to call attention to social problems in order to bring about change. Plays. A Doll’s House (1879) Most controversial drama Ghosts (1881), An Enemy of the People (1882) Hedda Gabler (1891) |
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Trapped in a marriage of convenience. No prospect of personal happiness or self-fulfillment. Only power she can exercise is her control over the fate of another human being. |
Hedda Gabler |
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Independent Co organized to produce realistic theatre. Founded in 1898 by _________&_________. to bring life itself upon the stage. Symbiotic relationship and perfection of his acting technique directing and acting in plays of ______________.
Published works: _________, _________, &_________. He also wrote an informative memoir __________.
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Konstantin Stanislavski & Vladimir Nemirovich Danchenko, Anton Chekhov
An Actor Prepares, Building a Character, Creating a Role,
My Life in Art. |
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The Stanislavski Technique |
Relaxation: unwanted tension has to be eliminated and that the performer must at all times attain a state of physical and vocal relaxation.
Concentration and Observation performer fully concentrated on some object, person, or event while onstage.
Specificity Being Specific - emphasis on concrete details.
Given Circumstances (5 W’s) Who, What, Where, When, Why…..
How? All action onstage must have a purpose.
Inner Truth Internal or subjective world of characters, their thoughts andemotions.
Through Line of a Role What is the Superobjective
What is it, above all else, that the character wants during the courseof the play?
Objectives and Actions
Ensemble Playing No small parts. Fully realized and engaged performances from every actor on stage |
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Anton Chekov |
Early works were farces
Two one-act comedies, The Bear (1888) and The Marriage Proposal (1888), were produced successfully. Interested in ordinary incidents of middle-classprovincial life and in the outside forces that change people’s lives. Human beings and how they interactPerfect examples of modern tragicomedy. The Sea Gull is play that Stanislavski choosesto showcase realistic acting styleThe Moscow Art Theatre also produced Chekhov’s next three plays, Uncle Vanya (1899), The Three Sisters (1900), and The Cherry Orchard (1904) to great success**An Introduction to Anton Chekhov |
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Naturalism |
A more stringent form than realism. What should be presented on stage is a ―slice of life Frequently focused on sordid and seamy aspects of society, to call attention to social problems and initiate reforms |
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August Strindberg |
Symbolism
He wrote fiercely intense dramas about real people, especially emphasizing the battlebetween the sexes. Miss Julie (1888), Dance of Death |
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George Bernard Shaw |
Realistic Comedies of Manners – His socially conscious plays are Comedies. Took up social problems and philosophical concepts, but were also witty, engaging comedies with lively dialogue and unusual, well- drawn characters. |
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Oscar Wilde |
Modern Comedies of Manners
The Importance of Being Earnest, An Ideal Husband, A Woman of No Importance. Often flighty characters comicallylearn real life lessons. Famous for his Epigrams |
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Some epigrams of Oscar Wilde |
-True friends stab you in the front. -Every saint has a past. Every sinner has a future. -We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars -When I was young, I thought that money was the most important thing inlife; now that I am old, I know that it is. -A Gentleman is one who never hurts anyone’s feelings unintentionally. -One should always be in love. That is the reason one should never marry. -I am so clever that sometimes I don’t understand a single word of what I am saying. -Education is an admirable thing, but it is well to remember from time to time that nothing that is worth knowing can be taught. |
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Patented the cinématographe, Feb 13, 1895: a means of advancing film thru camera and projector. First footage ever to be recorded using it was recorded onMarch 19, 1895. This first film shows workers leaving theLumière factory. |
Lumière brothers |
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Innovator in special effects. Discovered substitution stop trick in 1896 Used multiple exposures, time lapse photography,dissolves, hand painted color A Trip to the Moon 1902; Called a ―Cinemagician
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Georges Méliès |
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Premiere pioneering film director; was convinced thatfeature length films could be commercially viable Birth of a Nation 1915 (much action & violence) Intolerance 1916 (intolerance in four periods of history) |
DW Griffith |
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Birthplace of a new kind of American Drama, Socially conscious |
Provincetown Players, 1916 Artists enclave |
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American working class on stageComplex African American Characters Addiction, Fear, Hope, Depression, Complex Family Dynamics |
Eugene O‘Neill – Epic Dramas |
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Plays of Eugene O'Neill |
Bound East for Cardiff 1st one act unveiled in Provincetown Emperor Jones 1920 – comment on US occupation of Haiti Anna Christie 1922 – Pulitzer Prize Winner Desire Under the Elms 1924 Strange interlude 1928 – Pulitzer Prize Winner Mourning Becomes Electra 1931 The Iceman Cometh 1946 –
Long Day’s Journey Into Night - |
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written 194 by eugene o'neill, first performed 1956 - Pulitzer Prize1957*Disintegration of a family from illness & addiction; based on his family1987 Received Nobel Prize for Literature in 1936 |
Long days journey into night. |
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Created during Roosevelt‘s New Deal. Created jobs for unemployed theatre workers.Theatre mirrors society, teaches, inspires, motivates. ―Free, adult, and uncensored‖
– Fostered careers Orson Welles, Clifford Odets, Arthur Miller |
Federal Theatre Project |
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Harold Clurman, Cheryl Crawford and Lee Strasberg, were inspired by a passionatedream of transforming the American theater; based on Ensemble style seen at Moscow Art Theatre; created “The Method” from Stanisliavki‘s system. The result was this: |
The Group Theatre founded in 1931 |
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“ The American Chekhov‖ Wrote for The Group Self help married to radical political action; plays ask you to feelWaiting for Lefty One act about striking union workers ―Working class, untie and fight!‖ http://youtu.be/zdCKwolrgyo Awake and Sing 1935 on Broadway-
concerns the impoverished Berger family and their conflicts as the parents scheme to manipulate their children's relationships totheir own ends, while their children strive for their own dreamsBy 1935, he had 4 shows on Broadway . Lured by Hollywood to write for television – Art lost to commerce |
Clifford Odets |
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The one original theatrical form America has contributed to world theatre. |
Musical Theatre, Broadway Musicals. |
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Popular American musical theatre productions. |
Showboat - First Broadway Musical 1927 Suffering, poverty, interracial relationships, unhappyendings Oklahoma! - 1943 - Ordinary people falling in love - Agnes de Mille’s Choreography is ground breaking – Ballet dream sequence is Dance as Story, revealssexuality The King and I South Pacific Carousel The Sound of Music Annie Get Your Gun Guys and Dolls Hello, Dolly Fiddler on the Roof The Jewish Experience |
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Seamlessly brought together story,music, lyrics, and dances so that the productioncombined tone, mood, and intention in a unified whole. |
The Book Musical |
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Ground breaking, iconic choreography; racialtensions Glorious music and relevant lyrics that advance plot |
West Side Story |
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emphasized a mixture of arts and the use of techniques of popular entertainment; in this, they foreshadowed today‘s performance art |
Futurism and Dada |
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there is little meaning to existence, God does not exist, humanity is alone inan irrational universe. The only significant action an individual can take is to acceptresponsibility for his or her own deeds. Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980) and Albert Camus(1913-1960). |
Existentialism |
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(subconscious is the highest plane of reality and attempted to re-create itsworkings dramatically; plays seem to be set in a dreamworld, mixing recognizable events with fantastic happenings.) |
Surrealism |
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be aware of the cruelty of life |
Theatre of Cruelty |
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Influential Theorist 1931: ―The First Manifesto for a Theatre of Cruelty‖ |
Antonin Artaud (1896-1948) |
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The goal is to instruct.
Bertolt Brecht ( 1898-1939)
His plays usually deal with history or foreign lands, cover a long period of time, shift locale frequently, have intricate plots, and include many characters. – Challenged audiences to think & to see possibilities for change. Be distanced enough to experience plays intellectually . The Art of Being a Spectator‖ Wants audiences engaged , not passive. Insisted his finished product was the production as SEEN on stage, not the printed script. Wants to provoke audience response – Berliner Ensemble – German government gave him this theatre in EastBerlin: Company where he directed most definitive productions PLAYS – Mother Courage and Her Children 1938 : His wife, Helene Weigel, gave definitive performance; Galileo (1938–1939),The Good Person of Setzuan (1938–1940), The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui (1941), and The CaucasianChalk Circle (1944–1945). The Threepenney Opera Modern version of TheBeggars Opera
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Epic Political Theatre |
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Stressed illogical, random, inexplicable events and characters. Combined existential philosophy with revolutionary, avant-garde dramatic form – Dramatists believe that much of what happens in life cannot be explained logically; it is ridiculous or absurd. They attempt to reflect this ridiculousness or absurdity in the dramaticaction of their plays. – language is sparse, sometimes nonsensical; the plot moves in a circle(not episodic), and little expository information is given about the characters |
Theatre of the Absurd, Absurdist Drama |
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most renowned of the absurdist playwrights. His dramas deal with the dullness of routine, the futility of human action, and the inability of humans to communicate • "WAITING FOR GODOT" about two tramps who meet each day on a barren plain, hoping that an unknown figure named Godot will come. Language is stichomythic
that is,written in brief, alternating lines — and frequently ludicrous. ―Vladimir: Well? Shall we go?
Estragon: Yes, let’s go. (They do not move.)‖ Futility Godot is anything and everything that human beings wait for during their lives and our lives are thus defined by absurd waiting rather than by our actions
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Samuel Beckett |
