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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where can melanoma arise from?
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Normal skin: 2/3
Moles/nevus: 1/3 |
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What's the prognosis for melanoma?
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Most people are cured.
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What demographic commonly has melanoma?
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Caucasians
Age 52 Also, melanoma is the most common cancer in women 25-29 |
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What causes melanoma?
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Genetics and environment
Genetic: Environment? UV radiation Blistering sunburns (intense, periodic sun exposure) |
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What's the most common site for melanoma?
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Men: trunk/upper back
Women: lower legs, followed by trunk Older: sun exposed areas |
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What is the main cause of mutations in melanoma?
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The sun!
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What gene is usually mutated in melanoma caused by UV?
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BRAF
Especially common in younger people; not common in older people |
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What gene is usually mutated in people who have a familiy history of melanoma?
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CDKn2A
Tumor suppressor gene |
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What are risk factors for melanoma?
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UV exposure
Light skin type (me, basically.) :( Lots of moles (>100 in adults, >50 in kids) Atypical nevi |
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What are the subtypes of melanoma?
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Superficial spreading
Nodular melanoma Lentigo maligna melanoma Acral lentiginous melanoma Others |
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What's the most common type of melanoma?
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Superficial spreading melanoma
ABCD criteria |
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What's the kind of melanoma that grows the most aggressively?
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Nodular melanoma
Grows on the trunk |
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What is the most concerning thing about a melanoma?
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How deep it is
It doesn't matter so much how fast it grows. |
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What kind of melanoma is common to old people?
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Lentigo maligna melanoma
It's very slowly growing Happens usually on the face |
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Where does acral lentiginous melanoma occur?
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On the feet
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What kind of melanomas affect people who are of a darker complexion (Asians, Africans)?
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Acral lentiginous melanoma
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What are the ABCDs of melanoma?
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A: asymmetry
B: border irregularity C: color varied D: difference/rapid changes |
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What's the earliest sign of a melanoma?
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A change in size, shape, or color of a spot
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What's the earliest symptom of melanoma?
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A mole that's itching!
Occurs only in 17% of melanomas |
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Where do melanomas metastasize to?
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The regional lymph node basin
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After the regional lymph nodes, where can melanomas go?
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Anywhere!
Skin Lung Liver Brain |
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What's the most important prognostic factor for melanoma?
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Breslow thickness: distance from the top to the dermis
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What are other important prognostic factors for melanoma?
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Ulceration of the primary tumor
Mitotic rate |
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What's the best treatment for melanoma?
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SURGERY FTW!!!!!
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What are the guidelines for the margins of melanoma treatment?
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In situ: .5-1 cm
<1 mm: 1 cm 1-2 mm: 1-2 cm >2 mm: 2 cm |
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What do you do to figure out where a melanoma has metastasiszed to,possibly?
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Lymphoscintigraphy (inject dye at site of melanoma, see where it aggregates in the lympy) followed by a biopsy of these nodes
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What is a great recent treatment to melanoma that effects T cells?
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Ipilimumab
Gets more activation of T cells |
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What is a specific drug to BRAF that works in melanoma?
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Vemurafenib
BRAF kinsase inhibitor |
