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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. What are the steps in Prophase of Mitosis?
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Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
Nuclear membrane breaks down Chromosomes move out to Cytoplasm Centrioles migrate to pole of cells Mitotic spindle passes to the centromere of the chromosomes |
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2. What is the step of the Metaphase?
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The chromosomes migrate to the equator of the cell
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3. What are the steps of Anaphase?
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The mitotic spindles retract
The sister chromatids separate to form 92 chromosomes 46 chromosomes are pulled to each side of the cell The cleavage furrow develops in the cell membrane |
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4. What are the early telophase stages?
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The nuclear membrane reforms
The cleavage furrow continues to develop |
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5. What are late telophase stages?
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The cleavage furrow completes
The cell completely divides The resultant cells are daughter cells Each daughter cell contains 46 chromosomes |
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6. When does the centriole replicate itself?
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In G1 phase of interphase
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7. What are the stages of chromosomal change in mitosis?
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Diploid – 23F, 23M
S Phase(Interphase) – replicate – 46F, 46M = 92C Anaphase – 2x23F, 2 x 23M = 92C Telophase – 2 x (23F, 23M)= 2 x 46C |
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8. TRUE/FALSE – Haploid cells contain (n) sets of Chromosomes?
What are the other cells called and how many sets of chromosomes do they contain? |
TRUE
Diploid – 2(n) |
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9. At what stage of cell division are karyotype photos taken?
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Metaphase
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10. What are the 2 stages of Meiosis division?
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Reduction division – Meiosis I
Equatorial division – Meiosis II |
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11. Define Synapsis
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Where homologous chromosomes pair up
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12. Define Tetrad
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2 chromosomes which are made up of sister chromatids
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13. Define Crossing Over
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Parts of each chromosome connect and transfer between the two chromosomes
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14. What is the function of Prophase I?
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Coiling of chromosomes
Loss of nuclear membrane Synapsis forms tetrads which are pairs of chromatids 2 chromosomes cross over parts of each others chromosomes End result – different diploid cells to that of the parent cell |
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15. What is the function of Metaphase I?
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Tetrads line up on equator of cell
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16. What is the function of Anaphase I?
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Tetrads pass to each side of cell
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17. What is the function of Telophase I?
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Unique haploid cells are created
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18. What is the function of Prophase II?
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Nuclear membrane is broken down
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19. What is the function of Metaphase II?
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Chromosomes line up on equator of cell
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20. What is the function of Anaphase II?
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Mitotic spindle pulls the chromosomes apart and a cleavage furrow forms in cytoplasm
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21. What is the function of Telophase II?
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Nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes and Two haploid cells are formed
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22. What is a spermatogenia and by which process does it divide?
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Stem cells of sperm cells are called spermatogenia
Divide by mitosis to form two diploid daughter cells |
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23. Which is a haploid cell – Primary/Secondary spermatocyte?
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A secondary spermatocyte is a haploid cell
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24. How many sperm are formed by meiosis from one primary spermatocyte?
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4 Haploid cells – 4 sperm cells
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25. What is the process for the forming of female & male sex cells?
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Male sex cells – spermogenesis
Female sex cells – oogenesis |
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26. At what stage of Meiosis I do female sex cells become dormant?
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Prophase I
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27. Why must a secondary oocyte contain an X chromosome?
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Because both parent cells contain the X chromosome as it has not been fertilised yet
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28. Name the layers of a secondary oocyte?
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Outer layer – Corona radiata – Nourishment and barrier
Middle layer - Zonapellucida – Barrier to sperm cells + Zp3 Inner layer – secondary oocyte |
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29. At what stage is fertilisation required to complete meisosis II?
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Before meiosis II
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30. After being fertilised what does a secondary oocyte form?
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Larger Haploid Ovum +
Smaller haploid second polar body |
