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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Def. Meiosis:
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Process that occurs in the development of gametes for sexual reproduction
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Haploid=Mommy, ?Diploid?
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Diploid=Mommy & Daddy
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All the rest of the body (somatic) cells are..
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Diploid
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Germ cells or gametes go from diploid to haploid
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Mitosis gives rise to:
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Oogonia (lady eggs) or spermatogonia (man sperm)
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Two options that enter meiosis
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Homologous Chromosomes=
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pair of the same type of chromosome
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Humans: 22 autosomal pairs and one sex chromosome pair
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Gene location is called a:
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locus
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A gene contains the information for making a:
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functional product
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"protein"
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If two forms of a gene are the same, then the gene pair is:
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homozygous (homologous pair)
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If two forms of a gene are different or alleles, then the gene pair is:
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heterozygous (heterozygous pair)
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Dominant is expressed in both..
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homozygous and heterozygous state
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Recessive phenotype only shows up if it is homozygous (2 copies of recessive)
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While the goal of mitosis is to produce genetically identical cells, the goal of meiosis is to:
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Produce cells that contain 1/2 the number of chromosomes and only one of each type.
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The difference between meiosis and mitosis:
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Two divisions (Meiosis I and II), pairing of homologs in prophase I and their separation in metaphase I.
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Def. Synapsis:
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Zipped together
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Meiosis occurs in:
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gametes (genetically different from parent 1N)
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Mitosis occurs in somatic cells (same as parent 2N)
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Sexual reproduction increases genetic variability 3 ways:
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1. Joining of 2 haploid cells
2. Independent assortment of chromosomes 3. Genetic recombination |
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Def. Chiasma:
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Site of exchange between homolog pairs
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Errors in Meiosis:
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If pairs fail to separate during meiosis 1 or 2 gametes end up with 1 too many or one too few chromosomes in the gamete
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Abnormalities of sex chromosome number in humans:
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Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome
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Klinefelter syndrome
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Male issue XXY
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Turner syndrome
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Female issue XO
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Def. Tetrad
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The paired and replicated chromosomes (Prophase I)
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Def. Trisomy 21
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Down Syndrome (An extra copy of chromosome #21)
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