Medterm

Front 1

acute coronary syndrome

Back 1

sudden symptoms of unsufficent blood supply to he heart indicating unstable angina or acute MI

Front 2

aneurysm

Back 2

ballooning of weakening portion of an arterial wall

Front 3

angina perctoris

Back 3

chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle

Front 4

arrhythmia

Back 4

any disturbance or abnormality in the hearts normal rhythmic patter

Front 5

Afib

Back 5

cardiac arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses.

Front 6

cardiac arrest

Back 6

sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires CPR

Front 7

cardiac tamponade

Back 7

acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity

Front 8

coarctation of the aorta

Back 8

congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta

Front 9

congenital heart disease

Back 9

heart abnormality present at birth

Front 10

coronary artery disease

Back 10

condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries

Front 11

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Back 11

condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body. usually in the lower extremities

Front 12

heart failure

Back 12

inability of the heart to pump enough blood to the body

Front 13

hypertensive heart disease

Back 13

disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure

Front 14

intermittent claudation

Back 14

pain and discomfort in calf muscle while walking; a condition seen in peripheral arterial disease

Front 15

ischemia

Back 15

deficient blood flow due to the constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel

Front 16

mitral valve stenosis

Back 16

narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usually caused by episodes of rheumatic feverq

Front 17

myocardial infarction (MI)

Back 17

death (necrosis) of a portion of the myocardium caused by a lack of oxygen

Front 18

peripheral artery disease

Back 18

disease of the arteries of the arms and legs, resulting in narrowing or complete obstruction of the artery

Front 19

rheumatic heart disease

Back 19

damage to the heart muscle or heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever

Front 20

varicose veins

Back 20

distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities

Front 21

anemia

Back 21

condition in which there is a reduction in number of erythrocytes

Front 22

embolus

Back 22

blood clot or foreign material, such as air or fat, that enters the bloodstream and moves until it lodges at another point in the circulation

Front 23

hemophilia

Back 23

bleeding disease usually caused by factor VIII deficiency

Front 24

leukemia

Back 24

malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in the abnormal leukocytes formed in blood marrow

Front 25

sepsis

Back 25

condition in which a pathogenic micro-organism, usually bacteria, enter the blood stream, causing a system inflammatory response

Front 26

hodgkin disease

Back 26

malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue characterized by a progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually beginning in the cervical nodes

Front 27

infectious mononucleois

Back 27

acute infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue and fever.

Front 28

acute leukemia

Back 28

develops quickly with rapid progression, both adults and children, most common form of cancer in children

Front 29

chronic leukemia

Back 29

develops slowly, only present in adults

Front 30

aneurysmectomy

Back 30

surgical excision of an aneurysm

Front 31

atrial fibrillation ablation

Back 31

procedure in which abnormal cells that trigger afib are destroyed using a device that heats or freezes them

Front 32

cardiac pacemaker

Back 32

used to treat abnormal heart rhythms

Front 33

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

Back 33

surgical technique to bring new blood supply to the heart muscle by detouring around a blocked artery

Front 34

coronary stent

Back 34

supportive scaffold device placed in the coronary artery to prevent closure

Front 35

embolectomy

Back 35

surgical removal of an embolus or clot

Front 36

femoropopliteal bypass

Back 36

alternate route from femoral to popliteal artery

Front 37

implantable cardiac defib

Back 37

device implanted on the body that continuously monitors the heart rhythm

Front 38

intracoronary thrombolytic therapy

Back 38

injection of medication to dissolve blood clots

Front 39

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

(balloon angioplasty)

Back 39

inflate balloon to force plaque against artery wall

Front 40

bone marrow aspiration

Back 40

aspirate a sample of the liquid portion of the bone marrow

Front 41

bone marrow biopsy

Back 41

obtain bone marrow for study

Front 42

bone marrow transplant

Back 42

infusion of healthy bone marrow cells to a recipient with matching cells

Front 43

digital subtraction angiography

Back 43

process of digital radiographic imaging of the blood vessels that "subtracts" or removes structures

Front 44

doppler ultrasound

Back 44

study that uses high frequency sound waves for detection of blood flow

Front 45

exercise stress test

Back 45

study that evaluates the cardiac function during physical stress

Front 46

single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

Back 46

nuclear medicine scan that visualizes the heart from several different angles,

Front 47

thallium test

Back 47

nuclear medicine used to diagnose coronary artery disease

Front 48

transesophageal echocardium

Back 48

ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus

Front 49

pulse

Back 49

rhythmic expansion of an artery created by the contraction of the heart, that can be felt by the finger tip

Front 50

c-reactive protein

Back 50

blood test to measure the amount of c-reactive protein

Front 51

creatine phosphokinase

Back 51

blood test to measure the creatine and

Front 52

homocysteine

Back 52

blood test used to measure the amount of homocysteine (high=cardiovascular disease)

Front 53

hematocrit

Back 53

blood test to measure the volume of erythrocytes

Front 54

bruit

Back 54

abnormal vascular sound heard through auscultation, caused by turbulent flow

Front 55

extracorpeal

Back 55

occurring outside the body

Front 56

extravasation

Back 56

escape of blood from the blood vessel into the tissue

Front 57

occlude

Back 57

to close tightly

Front 58

blood dyscrasia

Back 58

abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood

Front 59

adhesion

Back 59

abnormal growing together of two peritoneal surfaces that normally are seperated

Front 60

cirrhosis

Back 60

liver disease where gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue

Front 61

Crohn disease

Back 61

chronic inflammation of the digestive tract

Front 62

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Back 62

acid washes back into esophagus

Front 63

hemorrhoids

Back 63

swollen or distended veins in the retcal area

Front 64

ileus

Back 64

non mechanical obstruction of the intestine, often caused by failure of persistalsis

Front 65

intussusception

Back 65

telescoping of a segment of the intestine

Front 66

volvulus

Back 66

twisting and kinking of the intestine, causing intestinal obstruction

Front 67

anastomosis

Back 67

connection created surgically joining two structures, such as blood vessels or bowel segments

Front 68

vagotomy

Back 68

cutting of certain branches of the vagus nerve

Front 69

dysentery

Back 69

inflammation of the intestine associated with diarrhea and stomach pain

Front 70

gavage

Back 70

feeding through a nasogastric tube

Front 71

hematemesis

Back 71

vomiting blood

Front 72

hematochezia

Back 72

passage of bloody feces

Front 73

melena

Back 73

black, tarry stool that contains digested stool

Front 74

amblyopia

Back 74

reduced vision in one eye caused by a disused or misuse

Front 75

astigmatism

Back 75

blurred vision caused by irregular curvature of the cornea or lens

Front 76

cataract

Back 76

clouding of the lens of the eye

Front 77

chalazion

Back 77

obstruction of the oil gland of the eyelid

Front 78

glaucoma

Back 78

increased intraocular pressure

Front 79

hyperopia

Back 79

farsightedness

Front 80

nyctalopia

Back 80

poor vision at night

Front 81

pinguecula

Back 81

yellowish mass on the conjunctiva that may be related to exposure of ultra-violet light, dry climate and dust

Front 82

pterygium

Back 82

thin tissue growing on the cornea from the conjunctiva

Front 83

strabismus

Back 83

condition in which the eyes look different directions

Front 84

enucleation

Back 84

surgical removal of the eyeball

Front 85

phacoemulsification

Back 85

method to remove cataracts in which an ultrasonic needle probe breaks up the lens

Front 86

emmetropia

Back 86

normal refractive condition of the eye

Front 87

intraocular lens

Back 87

artificial lens implanted within the ye during cataract surgery

Front 88

miotic

Back 88

agents used to constrict the pupil

Front 89

mydriatic

Back 89

agent that dilates the pupil

Front 90

acoustic neuroma

Back 90

benign tumor within the internal auditory canal

Front 91

ceruminoma

Back 91

tumor of a gland that secretes earwax

Front 92

cholesteatoma

Back 92

mass composed of epithelial cells and cholesterol in the middle ear

Front 93

Meniere disease

Back 93

chronic disease of the inner ear characterized by a sensation of spinning motion, ringing, aural fullness and fluctuating hearing loss

Front 94

otitis externa

Back 94

inflammation of the outer ear

Front 95

otitis media

Back 95

inflammation of the middle ear

Front 96

ankylosing spondylitis

Back 96

form of athritis that first affects the spine and adjacent structures and causes the a forward bend of the spine

Front 97

bunion

Back 97

abnormal prominence of the joint at the base of the great toe

Front 98

carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 98

common nerve entrapment disorder of the wrist caused by a compression of the median nerve

Front 99

exostosis

Back 99

abnormal benign growth on the surface of the bone

Front 100

gout

Back 100

disease in which an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood causes sodium urate crystals

Front 101

Lyme disease

Back 101

an infection caused by bacterium carried by deer ticks and transmitted to humans by bites

Front 102

herniated disk

Back 102

rupture of the intervertebral disk cartilage

Front 103

muscular dystrophy

Back 103

group of hereditary diseases characterized by the degeneration of muscle and weakness

Front 104

myasthenia gravis

Back 104

chronic disease where the muscle weakens

Front 105

Alzheimer disease

Back 105

disease characterized by early dementia, confusion, loss of recognition of persons or familiar surroundings, restlessness and impaired memory

Front 106

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or Lou Gehrig Disease

Back 106

progressive muscle atrophy caused by degeneration and scarring of neurons along the lateral column of the spinal cord that control muscles

Front 107

Bell palsy

Back 107

paralysis of muscles on one side of the face caused by inflammation or compression of the facial nerve

Front 108

cerebral palsy

Back 108

condition characterized by the lack of muscle control and partial paralysis, caused by a brain defect or lesion present at birth or shortly after

Front 109

dementia

Back 109

cognitive impairment characterized by loss of intellectual brain function

Front 110

epilepsy

Back 110

recurrent seizures

Front 111

hydrocephalus

Back 111

obstructed CSF, causes impaired brain function

Front 112

multiple scerosis

Back 112

chronic degenerative disease characterized by sclerotic patches along the brain and spinal cord

Front 113

Parkinson disease

Back 113

chronic degenerative disease of the CNS. Signs and symptoms include resting tremors of the hands and feet

Front 114

Sciatica

Back 114

inflammation of sciatic nerve

Front 115

shingles

Back 115

viral disease that affects the peripheral nerves and causes blisters on the skin that follow course of the affected nerve

Front 116

dysarthria

Back 116

the inability to use speech that is distinct and connected because of loss of muscle control after damage to the peripheral or CNS

Front 117

anorexia nervosa

Back 117

eating disorder

Front 118

ADHD

Back 118

disorder of learning and behavioral problems characterized by the marked inattention, distractibility

Front 119

autism

Back 119

spectrum of mental disorders, the features of which include onset during infancy or childhood

Front 120

bipolar disorders

Back 120

major psychological disorder typified by a disturbance of mood

Front 121

pica

Back 121

compulsive eating of nonnutritive substances such as ice or clay

Front 122

schizophrenia

Back 122

any one of a large group of psychotic disorders characterized by gross distortions of reality

Front 123

addison disease

Back 123

chronic syndrome resulting fro a deficiency in the hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex

Front 124

congenital hypothyroidism

Back 124

absence or atrophy of the thyroid gland

Front 125

cushing syndrome

Back 125

excessive production of cortisol (may be caused by a tumor on the pituitary)

Front 126

diabetes insipidus

Back 126

decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone, symptoms include excessive thirst, large amounts of urine, and loss of sodium

Front 127

diabetes mellitus

Back 127

disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by the under-activity of the islets of Langerhans

Front 128

graves disease

Back 128

thyroid gland disorder where there is an increase in the amount of thyroid hormone

Front 129

ketosis

Back 129

condition resulting from the uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, in which the body has an excess of ketones

Front 130

myxedema

Back 130

deficiency of the thyroid hormone thyroxine; a severe form of hyperthyroidism in adults

Front 131

pheochromocytoma

Back 131

tumor of the adrenal medulla, which is usually non-malignant and characterized by hyper-tension, headaches, palpitations, diaphoresis, chest pain, and abdominal pain.

Front 132

tetany

Back 132

condition affecting nerves causing muscle spasms as a result of low amounts of calcium in the blood caused by a deficiency of the parathyroid hormone

Front 133

thyrotoxicosis

Back 133

condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones

Front 134

exophthalmos

Back 134

abnormal protrusion of the eyeball

Front 135

hormone

Back 135

chemical substance secreted by the endocrine gland that is carried in the blood to a target tissue

Front 136

isthmus

Back 136

narrow strip of tissue connecting two larger parts in the body, such as the isthmus that connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland

Front 137

metabolism

Back 137

sum total of all the chemical processes that take place in the living organism