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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What population of America is the MOST likely to have diabetes in comparison to others?
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American Indians
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What is 6-7th leading cause of death by disease in the US?
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diabetes is the main cause of atherosclerosis, coronary arter disease, strokes, non-traumatic amputation, and kidney failure
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What populations in the US are more likely to have diabetes in comparison to other races?
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American Indians, African Americans, Asian and Hispanic
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What organ and cell are responsible for the production of insulin?
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The pancreas has beta cells in the islets of Langerhans that produce insulin.
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What is insulin?
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Insulin is a hormone produced in the islets of Langerhans within the beta cells.
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How does insulin work in a healthy individual?
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Insulin is released continuously into the blood stream in small increments (basel insulin secretion) with a larger amount released after food intake.
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In a health person, how many units of insulin per day is normally secreated
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Adults secrete approximately 0.6 units/kg of insulin per day (40-50 units of insulin daily.
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What does insulin do?
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It promotes glucose transport from the bloodstream to the cytoplasm of cell.
Stabilized glucose range from 70-100mg/dl stimulates sdtorage of glucose as glycogen in liver and muscles inhibits gluconeogenesis enhances fat deposition increases protein synthesis |
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What are the hormones that counter regulate blood glucose?
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glucagons, epinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol. These all are opposite effects of insulin
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What are the two major types DM?
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Type 1 and type 2
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What is Diabetes Mellitus?
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A disease in which the body doesn't produce or properly use insulin, leading to hyperglycemia.
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Because of hyperglycemia (diabetes), it is the #1 cause of what health problems?
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The symptoms of too much sugar in your body are the leading cause of blindness, heart disease, and non-traumatic amputations
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Type one diabetes mellitus occurs when what %% of beta cells are destroyed?
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80-90 % are destroyed
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What is the cause of the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas?
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Autoimmune (genetic)
idiopathic viral infection toxins |
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The onset of type 1 diabetes take how long?
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Its an abrupt onset (weeks to months)
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What are the 4 main s/s of type one diabetes?
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The 3 p's--polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss
(thirsty, pee a lot, hungry) |
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When is the usual age for the development of type 1 diabetes?
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Usually before the age of 25, used to be caused juvenile diabetes.
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What is required for the rest of their life when someone develops type 1 diabetes?
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requires insulin injections
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Where are the area in the body that store energy?
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stored in the liver and fats
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the break down of fat metabolism produces what?
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ketones
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