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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD)
Definition: |
inflammatory disease potentially involving all layers; Damage results in chronic condition; Involves primarily scarring and deformity of the heart valves
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Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD)
Risk/ Etiology |
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Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD)
Patho: |
inflammatory process, abnormal immune response to streptococcal cells antigens bind to receptors on the organs
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Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD)
Cardiac Involvement |
1. Cardiac Involvement: All Cardiac Layers
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Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD)
doesn't affect just the heart. It is also found in: |
2. Extra cardiac lesion
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Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD)
s/sx |
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Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD)
Dx tests |
Throat cultures, WBC, ESR
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Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD)
Treatment |
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Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD)
Nursing |
1. Primary: early detection
2. Secondary –Identify at risk –Prophylactic –At risk for bacterial endocarditis |
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Infectious Endocarditis (bacterial endocarditis):Definition
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Infection of the endocardium; usually involves valves
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Infectious Endocarditis (bacterial endocarditis):
Etiology & Risk factors |
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Infectious Endocarditis (bacterial endocarditis):
s/sx |
No universal s/s
1. nonspecific (infection): fever, malaise, fatigue, joint pain CHF: dyspnea, edema, cough; heart murmur 2. Secondary to embolism (30%) |
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Infectious Endocarditis (bacterial endocarditis):
Dx tests |
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Infectious Endocarditis (bacterial endocarditis): TX
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Infectious Endocarditis (bacterial endocarditis):
Nursing considerations |
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Myocarditis: Definition
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Inflammation of the heart muscle; usually both ventricles
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Myocarditis: etiology/risks
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Myocarditis: s/sx/dx tests
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Myocarditis: tx
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Pericarditis:definiton
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inflammation of the parietal and visceral pericardium sac. Can take up to 2L of fluid..takes a while...then trauma happens and you die quickly. Lining is dry or fluid filled.
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Pericarditis:Etiology/Risk factors
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Pericarditis:Signs & Symptoms/Diagnostic Tests
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1. Chest pain: sudden, severe, sharp, aggravated with inspiration and movement; Radiates to L shoulder; Decreases if sitting up and leaning forward
2. Friction rub: short, scratchy or grating; synchronized with heart beat; transient; L middle to lower sternal border 3. Fever, chills, malaise 4. EKG changes ( |
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Pericarditis:TX
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Pericardial Effusion:definition
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escape of fluid into pericardial sac
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Pericardial Effusion: s/sx
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Muffled heart sounds--sound distant (w/fluid in sac)
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Pericardial Effusion: TX
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Pericardiocentesis
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Cardiac Tamponade:def
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a life threatening complication caused by accumulation of fluid in the pericardium: Can be blood, pus, or air.(trauma, bullet wound, open heart surgery)
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Cardiac Tamponade:Signs & Symptoms
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Cardiac Tamponade:Tx
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Pericardiocentesis
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Cardiomyopathies:
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any disease of the muscle or any part of the muscle. These are the heart transplant people.
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Cardiomyopathies:etiology
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Primary: unknown etiology
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Cardiomyopathies:Signs & Symptoms/Diagnostic Tests
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CHF: heart failure
ECHO< ECG, X-ray |
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Cardiomyopathies:TX
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CHF treatment
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Types of Cardiomyopathy:Dilated (Congestive) cardiomyopathy:
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Most common; Both ventricles dilated; Fibrotic tissue replaces healthy tissue
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Types of Cardiomyopathy:Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy:
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disproportionate thickening of septum wall--grows inside the heart
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Types of Cardiomyopathy:Restrictive Cardiomyopathy:
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Least common; Excessively rigid ventricular walls; Can no longer stretch;
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3 types of cardiomyopathies
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Dilated (Congestive) cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy,Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
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Valvular Disorders:Functional Murmurs
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Stenosis: orifice is restricted, fused/thick
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Valvular Disorders:Regurgitation: incompetence, insufficiency
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leaflets don’t close
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Valvular Disorders:
Characteristics of Murmurs |
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Mitral Valve Diseases:Mitral Stenosis (MS):
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MS):RHD, endocarditis, Ca+ deposits
S/S: murmur, diastolic LA dilation--L pulmonary--CHF--SOB |
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Mitral Valve Diseases: Mitral Regurgitation (MR, MI)
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RHD, MVP, after an MI
S/S: murmur, systolic LV hypertrophy--LA dilation--LV failure--CHF |
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Mitral Valve Diseases:Aortic Stenosis
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Congenital, RHD, Calcifications
S/S: murmur, systolic LVH, LVD --LV failure --CHF --Syncope and/or angina |
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Mitral Valve Diseases:Aortic Regurgitation (AR):
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: RHD, syphilis, connective tissue diseases, HTN
S/S: murmur diastolic LVH, LVD--LV failure--CHF --syncope, angina |
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Treatment for Valvular Disorders
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Conservative: Treat CHF
Surgery: palliativ--valve replacement |
