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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 things to assess oxygenation
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PaO2 (80-100)
SaO2 (95-100%) Hgb (12-16F/14-18M) Cardiac Output (4-8/min) |
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PaO2
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Normal by product of cell metabolism.
ACID Respiratory componet of Acid/Base Normal 80-100, except over age 60 normal can be 70 PaO2 less than 80 is hypoxemia |
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If any of the four necessary components of oxygenation decrease (PaO2, SaO2, Hgb, CO) then....
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body compensates by ^RR ( to ^ O2) and ^HR (to ^CO)
lungs can respond to imbalance w/ in minutes ^ ventilation - expel CO2 (acid) decrease vent - retain CO2 (acid) |
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HCO3
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metabolic component of A/B
BASE kidneys can retain or excrete H+ to keep balance Kidneys are slow to respond (remember water is one hydrogen (H+) ion and two oxygen) |
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pH
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Based on H+ ions
ranges from 1-14 Normal ph is slightly alkaline at 7.35 to 7.45 Death occurs if ph <6.8 or >7.8 |
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pH
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7.35-7.45
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PaCO2
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35-45
Less than 35 is BASE More than 45 is ACID |
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HCO3
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22-26
Less than 22 is ACID More than 26 is BASE |
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Humalog insulin
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Rapid Acting
Onset 15-30 minutes Peak: 1/2 to 21/2 hrs Duration: up to 5 hrs |
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Novolog Insulin
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Rapid Acting
Onset 10-20 minutes Peak: 1-3 hours Duration 3-5 hours |
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Regular
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Short Acting
Only one can be given IV Onset: 1/2 to 1 hour Peak: 2-4 hours Duration 5-8 hours |
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Lantus
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Basal insulin
Onset 1 1/2 hours No Peak Duration 24 hours |
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NPH
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Intermediate basal insulin
Onset 1-2 hours Peak: 2-8 hours Duration 14-24 hours |
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Potassium
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3.5 to 5.5
hyperkalemia s/s: abd. cramps, decreased heart rate, diarrhea, hypotension, irregular pulse rate, irritability, muscle weakness Hypokalemia: anorexia, constipation, hyporeflexia, muscle cramps and weakness, N/V, orthostatic hypotn, parthesia, polyuria, weak, irreg. pulse |
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Calcium
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8.2 - 10.2
Hypercalcemia: abd. pain, constipation, anorexia, bx chnges (confusion), bone pain, decrease LOC, extreme thirst/polyuria, HTN, hypoactive DTRs, muscle weakness, N/V Hypocalcemia: anxiety, confusion, irritabiliy, arrhythmias and decrease CO, diarrhea, brittle nails, hyperactive DTRs, parathesia of extremities & around mouth, muscle spasms, tetany, tremors, twitching, muscle cramps, Troussea;s or chvostek's sign |
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Base Excess/deficit
(metabolic disorders) |
1. Base excess is the amount of base needed to reutrn the pH to a normal value
2. Normal range is -2 to +2 3, > +2 too much base exess (ex. loss of gastric fluids) <-2 a base deficit (lactic acid or ketoacidosis) |
