Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Pharmacology
|
Study of history, sources, physical and chemical properties of drugs; and how drugs affect living systems
FATHER OF PHARM: Paracelsus |
|
|
Drug
|
Chemical substance that affects living systems by changing their structure or function
|
|
|
Pharmacodynamics
|
study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs; and drugs' mechanisms of action
|
|
|
Pharmacokinetics
|
study of absorption, distribution, biotransformation (metabolism), and excretion of drugs
|
|
|
Sources of Drugs
|
Natural - animals, plants, minerals
Semisynthetic Synthetic Biotechnology |
|
|
Drug uses (Pharmacotherapeutics)
|
Treatment of symptoms
Prevention of disease Diagnose Cure Maintain health Contraception |
|
|
Drug Names
|
Chemical Name
Generic Name Brand/Trade Name |
|
|
Classification of Drugs
|
Prescription (legend drugs)
NonPrescription (OTC) Investigational Illicit (street) |
|
|
Controlled Substances
|
Ability to cause physical and/or psyc. dependence
Legal & ethical nursing responsib. Controlled substance Act of 1970; 5 categories or schedules |
|
|
Principles of Drug Action
|
Drugs alter existing cellular functions
Drugs interact w/ body in sev. ways Better fit w/ it's receptor, stronger drug's affinity and the lower dose req. |
|
|
Agonists
|
Drugs which interact with a receptor to produce a response
|
|
|
Antagonists
|
Drugs which inhibit the action of an agonist
|
|
|
Adverse Drug effects
|
Negative side effects
Toxic effects Allergic reactions Idiosyncratic reactions Teratogenic drug Drug tolerance |
|
|
Pharmacokinetic Factors
|
Liberation
Absorption Distribution Biotransformation/metabolism Elimination Measuring drug action |
|
|
Absorption
|
Drug passes from site of administration into body fluids
First step in the passage of a drug through the body |
|
|
Factors influencing gastric absorption
|
food
Stomach acidity |
|
|
Distribution
|
Drug carried from site of absorption to site of action
Determined by the physical & chemical characteristics of a drug; solubility |
|
|
Distribution, cont'd
|
Drug molecules that are bound to protein are inactive; unbound molecules are active
|
|
|
Biotransformation
|
Convert drug to a water soluble form for excretion
Most biotrans. reactions occur in liver |
|
|
Elimination
|
Kidney (ph of urine may affect rate of excretion)
Feces Respiratory tract - exhaled Breast milk Saliva Sweat |
|
|
Drug half life
|
ie: half-life 4 hours
amt of drug initially = 100% rem. after 4 hrs = 50% rem. after 8 hrs = 25% rem. after 12 hrs = 12.5% rem. after 16 hrs = 6.25% |
|
|
Monitoring Drug Therapy
|
Observe client for desired therap. effect
Measure a biochem. change Measure plasma conc. of the drug |
|
|
Drug Interactions
|
Pharmacological effects of one drug are potentiated or diminished by another drug
Interaction may be with foods, lab test, substances, environmental |
|
|
Synergistic
|
Pharmacological response greater than that expected by individual effects of each drug together.
|
