Medieval Flashcards By James

Front 1

Alps

Back 1

prevented movement to Italian Peninsula

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Pyrenees

Back 2

isolate Iberian Peninsula from Europe

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Important Rivers

Back 3

– Seine, Rhine, Elbe, Oder, Vistula, Danube; useful for trade, useful for protection

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Vikings/Barbarians

Back 4

Originally from Scandinavia, they invaded Many parts of Europe. Using boats to travel around the coasts or up rivers, they were the most feared invaders.

Front 5

Magyars

Back 5

The Magyars attacked from the east and settled in modern day Hungary, and invaded other parts of Europe from there.

Front 6

The Muslim Conquest

Back 6

Not only did the Muslims take over the Byzantine empire, they controlled nearly the entire Iberian peninsula, and took over northern Africa and parts of Asia.

Front 7

Middle Ages

Back 7

Middle Ages, also known as the medieval period, lasted from 500 to 1500. It was named the Middle ages because it was between ancient and modern times.

Front 8

Christian Missionaries

Back 8

Sent by the pope, missionaries spread christianity throughout Europe and beyond.

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Christian Monks

Back 9

They built and lived in monasteries in secluded areas apart from society. Monks helped the needy and sick that appeared at their doors. They also taught people how to read and write.

Front 10

The Franks

Back 10

A powerful group that conquered Gaul (modern day france). They became a strong Christian kingdom under the rule of Clovis.

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Emperor Charlemagne

Back 11

Expanded the Frankish empire, Pope Leo III declared him Emperor of the Romans. He also built schools across europe.

Front 12

Feudalism

Back 12

A system where knights promise support to a lord in exchange for land.

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The Manor System

Back 13

A system where peasants were allowed to live and farm on the land of the lords and knights in exchange for providing the lord or knight with food or other forms of payments.

Front 14

Kings and Queens

Back 14

The greatest lords of Europe, all knights and nobles were their vassals.

Front 15

Nobles

Back 15

The vassals of the kings and queens, some nobles were even more powerful than kings.

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Knights

Back 16

Warriors who fought on horseback, wore armor and used swords and shields in battle. They were loyal to kings and lords. They were paid in land in exchange for loyalty.

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Peasants

Back 17

Peasants owned no land, and worked on the properties of lords and knights.

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Serfs

Back 18

Serfs were workers who were tied to the land.

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William the Conqueror

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Conquered Britain, he spread feudalism to Ireland B

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Eurasia

Back 20

The large landmass that is made up by Europe and Asia

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Topography

Back 21

In reference to the shape and elevation of land in a region.

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Medieval Period

Back 22

Another name for the MIddle ages.

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Saint Patrick

Back 23

A missionary who traveled to Ireland to convert people to Christianity

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Monastery

Back 24

A community of monks

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Vassal

Back 25

A person who promised support in exchange for land.

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Eleanor of Aquitaine

Back 26

Married King Louis VII, but divorced him and married King Henry II. She was a woman of great power and spent most of her time governing he own lands

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Benedict

Back 27

A monk who creatted the

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Abbot

Back 28

Head of the monastery.

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Manor

Back 29

A large estate owned by a lord or knight

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Plow

Back 30

a farming tool used to dig into the soil to help plant seeds for crops

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Oxen

Back 31

related to the cow, they were used to pull the plow. They were strong but slow.

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Horse

Back 32

Horses played a big role in history, but one thing they did was replaced the ox to pull the plow. They were faster and more efficient and helped grow more food

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Pope Leo III

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crowned Charlemagne the Holy Emperor of Rome on Christmas day the year 800.

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Aachen

Back 34

the capital of Charlemagne's empire

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Clovis

Back 35

Made the Franks become a Christian kingdom, and conquered more territories as their ruler.

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Gaul

Back 36

Modern day France.

Front 37

The Crusades

Back 37

sent by the pope, the crusades were an attempt to restore christianity in and around Jerusalem. The crusades were a 200 year war struggle that eventually led to the fall of Byzantine empire,

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Towns

Back 38

Towns emerged after the year 1000, when trade growth and technology improved. Peasants moved out and away from manors, and into these towns.

Front 39

Christianity

Back 39

One of the reasons the West and East Empire fell, Christianity was a fast growing religion across Europe.

Front 40

Benedictine Monks

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Monks who followed the Benedictine Code.

Front 41

Scandinavia

Back 41

The homeland of the Vikings, this is where they sailed out to raid villages and sack cities.

Front 42

Iberian Peninsula

Back 42

Cut off from the rest of Europe by the Pyrenees, The Iberian Peninsula was controlled by various groups throughout time.

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Italian Peninsula

Back 43

Seat of the Roman Empire, the Italian peninsula had easy access to the sea, and had a mountain range behind it, making it hard to invade.

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Fiefs

Back 44

A payment in the form of land.