Medieval Art History Midterm

Front 1

Atrium

Back 1

the forecourt of an early Christian Church, flanked or surrounded by porticoes

Front 2

Facade

Back 2

the front exterior of a church placed in between the TOWERS

Front 3

Nave

Back 3

the principal or central part of a church, extending from the façade to the choir and usually flanked by aisles

Front 4

Aisle

Back 4

Longitudinal division of a church, separated from the nave by a row of columns or piers

Front 5

Crossing

Back 5

the intersection of nave and transept in a cruciform church

Front 6

Transept

Back 6

The major transverse part of a cruciform church, crossing the main axis at a right angle between nave and choir

Front 7

Choir

Back 7

the part of a church occupied by the singers of a choir, sometimes elevated above the nave

Front 8

Apse (or Apsis)

Back 8

a semicircular or polygonal projection of a building, usually vaulted and used especially at the east end of a church.

Front 9

Deambulatory (or Ambulatory)

Back 9

an aisle encircling the end of the choir or of the apse

Front 10

Gallery

Back 10

enclosed passage situated over the aisle of a church and opening into the nave

Front 11

Barrel Vault

Back 11

a church vault that pushes the weight on the body of the vault.

Front 12

Cross Vault (Groin Vault)

Back 12

a church vault that pushes the weight on the four corners of the vault

Front 13

Doric Order Column

Back 13

standard flat pattern (column type)

Front 14

Ionic Order Column

Back 14

scroll pattern (column type)

Front 15

Corinthian Order

Back 15

leaf pattern (column type)

Front 16

Characteristics of Romanesque Art

Back 16

1) Tendency towards an intricate linearism, and interwoven space, along with a taste for fabulous figures and monsters (North Europe and England).
2) Expression of human feeling in visual art, development of a narrative
3) Islamic Influence (through trade, and Arabs’ territorial expansion in Europe (Spain and South Italy) and through the Crusades
4) Persistent elements of Byzantine style
5) Veneration of antiquity and of “classic” art

Front 17

Bernward's Door

Back 17

Hildesheim Cathedral (1015 AD)

Front 18

Church of St. Madeleine (Vezelay)

Back 18

1104 AD borrowed themes from Islamic Mosques like Cordoba

Front 19

Characteristics of Byzantine Art

Back 19

1) Absence of reference to the natural world
2) Objects and figures denies tri-dimension – they tend to be bi-dimensional
3) Hieratic attitude of the figures (shown frontally, gazing)
4) Stress is given to the super-natural significance of the subjects, through color and lavish use of gold
5) Subjects are not following a narrative, but are represented as “epiphany” – they tend to be “Icons”

Front 20

Crux Gemmata

Back 20

"jewelled cross"

Front 21

Lothair Cross

Back 21

Crux gemmata featuring a cameo of Emperor Augustus (1000 A.D.)

Front 22

bay

Back 22

space between pilasters of a church

Front 23

Maiestas Domini

Back 23

marble relief done in "plaque style" Saint Sernin (1096 AD)

Front 24

"plaque style"

Back 24

reliefs done with a coplanar form

Front 25

Throne of Wisdom

Back 25

Christ seated upon the Virgin Mary

Front 26

Christ Panthocrator

Back 26

(Christ Almighty) Christ with two fingers together in blessing

Front 27

voussoir

Back 27

single stones that form an arch

Front 28

keystone

Back 28

the voussoir at the top of an arch, it marks the apex of the vault

Front 29

springer

Back 29

the lowest voussoir at each end of an arch

Front 30

Panofsky's Principle of Disjunction

Back 30

taking old form of art and redressing in contemporary style

Front 31

Pilgrimage Church

Back 31

Churches in the shape of a Latin cross. Characterized by many chapels around the deambulatory.

Front 32

Christ in Majesty

Back 32

(Christ in Glory) Christ opening his arms to the world

Front 33

Iconography

Back 33

what an image represents (ex. The Last Supper)

Front 34

Image

Back 34

what an image is at face value (ex. 13 people sitting at a table)

Front 35

Iconology

Back 35

why the image exists

Front 36

Mission of the Apostles

Back 36

Narthex main portal: Vezelay, Saint Madeleine (1120-1132 AD)

Front 37

The Last Judgement

Back 37

Tympanum: Autun (France), Cathedral of St. Lazare (1120-1132 AD)

Front 38

Speaking reliquary

Back 38

reliquary in the form of the object they describe

Front 39

bust reliquary

Back 39

reliquary in the form of a bust

Front 40

casket reliquary

Back 40

reliquary in the form of a casket

Front 41

champleve technique

Back 41

enameling technique in which troughs are carved into the surface of the metal

Front 42

cloisonne technique

Back 42

enameling technique in which troughs are created by soldering flat metal strips to the surface of the object