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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hyalin casts?
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prerenal
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RBC casts?
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nephritic syndrome
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WBC casts?
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pyelonephritis, acute intersticial nephritis
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fatty casts?
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nephrotic syndrome
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#1 cause of renal failure?
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diabetes
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indications for dialysis
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intractible acidosis, persistant hyperK, intoxications (methanol, aspirin, etc), hypovolemia, uremia
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definition of nephrotic syndrome
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>3.5g/d (or 3+)
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MCC of atraumatic hematuria
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infection (cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis) or stones
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urine:
dipstick (+)for blood, but U/A does not reveal microscopic hematuria? |
hemoglobinuria (hemolytic anemia) or myoglobinuria
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what if cytology results of urine are negative, but high suspicion of malignancy?
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do cytoscopy
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nephrotic syndrome
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Membranous, MCD, FSGS, DM, SLE, amyloidosis
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membranous- hep?
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hepB
w/ PAN |
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membranoproliferative- hep?
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hepC
w/ cryoglobulinemia |
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DD of hematuria
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infectious, glomerular disease, urologic
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MCC of glomerular hematuria?
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IgA nephropathy
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urine eosinophils suggests?
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AIN
* often impossible to distinguish from ATN |
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analgesics do what to kidney?
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chronic intersticial nephritis
renal papillary necrosis |
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dx of renal papillary necrosis
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CT scan w/o contrast
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dx of APCKD
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U/S
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characteristic & dx:
Ca stones tx |
radioDENSE
Xray thiazide diuretics |
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characteristic & dx:
uric acid stones tx |
radioLUCENT
CT, US, IVP tx: allopurinol |
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strones < ___ cm pass spontaneously
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<0.5cm
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alkaline urine, what stone?
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struvite, urease bacteria
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acidic urine, what stone?
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uric acid
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w/u of suspected stone?
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KUB
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w/u for hydronephrosis or urinary obstruction?
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US (ANY type of stone)
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stone therapy?
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<2cm--> lithotripsy
>2cm --> nephrolithotomy |
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indications for TRUS
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PSA >10
abnl DRE PSA velocity >0.75/yr |
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tx for localized prostate cancer
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radical prostatectomy
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tx for locally invasive prostate cancer?
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radiation + androgen deprivation
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tx for metastatic prostate cancer?
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reduce testosterone (orchiectomy, antiandrogens, LH agonists)
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#1 sx in RCC, also in?
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hematuria (gross or microscopic)
also in bladder cancer (painless) |
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w/u for RCC
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1) US
2) abdominal CT |
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tx for RCC
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radical nephrectomy
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list the two non-germ cell tumors
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leydig, sertoli
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tx for seminoma
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radiation tx
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AFP?
HCG? |
AFP:produced by yolk sac tumors and, less often, embryonal carcinomas
HCG: embryonal carcinoma or choriocarcinoma |
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w/u of testicular cancer
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US w/ orchiectomy if suspected w/ CT scan afterwards
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#1 cause of epididymitis:
older younger |
older: E coli
younger: gonorrhea, chlamydia |
