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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is MODY
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genetically caused forms of diabetes
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define dysplasia?
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an abnormality in the appearance of cells indicative of an early step towards transformation into a neoplasia
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this is a cancer of the lymphatic system (in particular, B lymphocytes). It is associated with the Epstein-Barr virus
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Burkitt's lymphoma
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presence of Reed-Sternberg cells.
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Hodgekin's
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what is the gold standard treatment of Hodgkin's disease.
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the ABVD chemotherapy regimen
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what are the risk factors of colorectal CA
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Age
fam hx polyps heredity UC/Crohns diet phys inactivity smoking viruses sclerosing cholangitis |
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How do you screen for prostate CA?
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DRE
PSA |
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when is PSA elevated?
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prostate cancer
BPH Infection of prostate ejaculation irritation |
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sun exposure related skin conditions
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Precancerous-actinic keratosis
Cancerous-Basal Cell, squamous cell, melanoma |
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screening test for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Alpha Feto Protein
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causes of HCC
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Viral Hep B & C, cirrhosis of liver
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what causes DIC?
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Tissue trauma
Malignancies Vascular disorders Exogenous-snake venom sepsis, malignancy, advanced liver disease, and other disorders that trigger endotoxin release or cause severe tissue damage |
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what is DIC
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nonimmune peripheral platelet destruction
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this lung CA causes paraneoplastic syndromes such as the SIADH and Cushing's syndrome
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small cell
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this lung CA usually starts centrally as an endobronchial lesion
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Drugs to treat Hodgkin's
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MOPP
ABVD |
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what does MOPP stand for?
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Mustargen
Oncovin Procarbazine Prednisone |
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How do you treat Non-Hodgekin's?
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CHOP
Cyclophasphamide hydroxydoxorubicin(adriamycin) Oncovin(vincristine) Prednisone |
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What is MAHA(microangiopathic hemolytic anemia)?
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traumatic destruction of RBCs as they pass through blood vessels
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MCC of MAHA
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DIC
TTP/HUS Preeclampsia/eclampsia HELLP Drugs Metastatic CA spleenomegaly infection |
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the most common lung cancers
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Adenocarcinomas
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genes that play an important role in normal cellular proliferation.
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proto-oncogenes
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treatment for small cell lung cancer
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combination chemotherapy
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what are some complications of Cancer?
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Brain mets
spinal cord compression SVC syndrome hypercalcemia paraneoplastic syndromes |
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which cancers are assoc. with genetic mutations?
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CML- abl to bcr
CLL- bcl2 breast/ovarian-BRCA1 Sarcoma,breast,brain,adrenal-TP53 Burkitt's- mutation of c-myc |
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smoking increases risk of which cancers?
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Lung, esophagus, head and neck, renal cell, bladder, pancreatic cancer
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mammogram for moderate risk women should be done at what age?
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40
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which cancer has no effective screening test?
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Ovarian cancer
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a rare B-cell lymphoma in adults that is highly aggressive, with a propensity to involve the bone marrow and central nervous system
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Burkitt's lymphoma
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causes of >PSA
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Carcinoma
BPH Prostatitis UTI Prostatic trauma (urethral catheterization or prostatic massage) |
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Cause and Tx of HIV pt with Dysphagia
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Candida-flucanazole
CMV-Gancyclovir Herpes-Acyclovir Apthae-Prednisone |
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bone pain, lytic bone lesions,pathologic fractures, plasmacytoma
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multiple myeloma
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Tumor marker CA 15-3
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Breast
Lung Ovarian |
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Tumor marker CA 19-9
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Pancreatic
Colorectal |
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CA 72-4
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Ovarian
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CA 125
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Ovarian
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what is the ROME criteria?
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used to Dx IBS
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Dukes Classification for colon CA
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A. mucous membrane of bowel only
B. Muscle C1. Few nodes C2. Many nodes D. distant metastasis |
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MCC of strangulated hernias
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Indirect hernia where the hernia follows the descent of the gonads
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MCC of ventral hernia
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laparoscopy incision in the linea alba
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MC type of colon cancer
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Adenocarcinoma 95% malignancies in large bowel
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screening test for colon CA
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DRE
FOBT proctosigmoidoscopy colonoscopy-hight risk pts |
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sudden onset of LLQ pain
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UC
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columnar metaplasia of the esophagus known as?
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Barrett’s Esophagus
A premalignant lesion of adenocarcinoma |
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MC esophageal CA
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squamous cell CA 90-95% of cases
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predisposition to barrett's
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GERD
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Virchow node- a
solitary enlarged left sided supraclavicular lymph node is seen in? |
Gastric CA
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Viruses that predispose to CA
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HPV (cervical)
H. Pylori (Gastric Cancer) Hepatitis B & C (HCC) EBV (Burkitt’s) HIV (Karposi’s Sarcoma) Herpes Virus (HSV) |
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how can you tell between the Dawn effect and Simogyi?
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take glucose level at 2-3 AM, if low it's Simogyi; if its normal or high then it's Dawn
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T/F Epi and norepi lowers insulin
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True, can give you hyperglycemia
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GTT results for pregnant women should be
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Fasting = should be 95
After one hour = 180 After 2 hours = 155 After 3 hours = 140 |
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Treatment of esophageal varices
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Stop bleeding:
endoscopy with banding or sclerotherapy Prophylaxix: BBs Nitrates |
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what test are done to Dx dysphagia?
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Chest Xray
Barium Swallow Endoscopy Manometry |
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dysphagia with solid food/liquid, heart burn
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Scleroderma or
esophageal CA |
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Tx of Dawn phenomena
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no food after dinner
Metformin Eat breakfast |
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Tx of Simogyi
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Higher glucose levels before bedtime
Cause of Simogyi: extra insulin levels in body |
