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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Strychnine
What is it? Clinical Signs? Treatment? |
Poison causes nervous system signs - old rat poison
C.S - extensor rigidity - stiff joints - saw horse stance Tx: gastric lavage - wash/flush out. Valium |
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Cyanide
Clinical Signs? When do you see these clinical signs? Treatment? |
C.S - bright red blood - clots slowly - smells like bitter almonds in ruminants rumen.
Seen only on necropsy Tx - sodium nitrate |
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Organophosphates
How does this happen? Clinical Signs? Treatment? |
Flea dip - improperly dipped
C.S. - paralyzed, screaming in pain, hypersalivation Tx - Atropine |
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Sweet Clover
Contains what? What are the other clovers? Causes? Clinical Signs? Treatment? |
Contains dicumarol
Trifoliosis - other clovers that can cause photosensitivity and CNS problems. Casues: interfers with factor VII causing hemorrhages, maybe death C.S - Hemorrhaging Tx - Vitamin K, aqueous, injectible |
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Brachen Fern
What enzyme does it contain? What does it do? What does it affect? Clinical Signs? Treatment? |
Enzyme - Thiaminase which destroys Vitamin B and affects grazing animals.
CS - off feed, circumduction of limbs, traced down to nerve endings in legs, crowd, do weird things. Tx - Thiamine, blood transfusion and sodium nitrate. |
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Diabetes Insipidus
What is it? Clinical Signs? Diagnosis? Treatment? |
Deficiency of anti-diuretic hormone ADH/vasopressin
CS - PU/PD Dx - water depravation test where you deprive them of water and see if they can concentrate their urine -- normally they can. The ADH tells that kidneys to save water/concentrate the urine or dilute the urine and kidneys won't respond here. Tx - Vasopression/ADH --- if still can't concentrate then nothing can be done. |
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Diabetes Mellitus
What? Clinical Signs? Treatment? |
blood sugar problem/lack of insulin due to pancreatic problem, old spayed dog (acquired) and juvenile (congenital). Insulin carries blood glucose from blood stream into cells.
CS - PU/PD/PP, Blood glucose level high - could see glucose in urine depending on the threshold. (70-110 mg/dl) Tx - blood or urine test - then given insulin - depending on amount of blood glucose regulates amount of insulin units - life long/everyday - insulin controlled not diet controlled. |
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Hyperestrogenism
What? Male Vs. Female Clinical Signs? Treatment for males vs. Female? |
Increased estrogen levels
Male - sertoli cells tumors are nurse cells that produce estrogen in testes - gynecomastia, enlargement of breasts, appear to be in heat, other dogs try to mount them, bone marrow depression. TREATMENT - castration Female - cystic ovaries - constant production of estrogen - constant heat all animals. Persistent corpus lateum - forms after ovulation, can't come out ofheat cycle. TREATMENT - spayed - small animals, cows are shipped - depends on animal. |
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What is the difference between T3 and T4 and what is the disease associated with it?
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T3 - Active stage of thyroid hormone
T4 - inactive stage of thyroid hormone. |
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Contagious ectheyma - also called what? also called what else?
who is affected? Reportable? Zoonotic? Clinical Signs? Treatment? |
Ovine Range Fever (ORF)
A pox virus Sheep Is zoonotic and Reportable CS - lesions on feet and in mouth, looks like foot and mouth disease, also on teats of nursing mothers from the lambs. TX - none, prevent by crumbing scabs in sterile saline, strain and reinject vaccine required by the state. |
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Bovine Viral Disease
Causes what? Caused by? Clinical Signs? Treatment? |
Causes early to mild gestational abortion
caused by pesti virus in GIT CS - diarrhea, erodes away lining - years up mucosal lining. AT crucial time in pregnant cow can affect in-utero fetus with cerebellar hypoplasia. Born with this, can't walk/balance, ataxic calves Tx - none. vaccine given at approximately six months for prevention or will ship only 1 time vaccine. |
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Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
Other disease and/or? Can you have both? Caused by? Reportable? Clinical Signs? Treatment? |
Also called Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis
Can have one or the other but not necessarily both. Herpes, virus, abortion in the last third of gestation - will see an abortion storm. All animals are doing fine, then all start to abort. Will see head cold, nose, throat, high temperature 104-105 - off feed and milk production, hits quickly. runs its course unless it gets into the reproductive tract then you get IPV Not reportable. TX - antibiotics, fluids, vaccination can be given IM, IN - cut down sequella of IPV - @ 6 months then yearly. If IPV has pustular infection of Repro tract - uterine infusions with antibiotic, fluids and lavage. Vaccine - single virus - 2 clinical syndromes |
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Pseudorabies
Also called? Caused by? How does it affect pigs? in order for cattle or cat to get infected, what has to happen? Treatment? |
Aujesky's Disease - mad itch syndrome
herpes virus pigs are fairly resistant but the source for other animals - can kill piglets because immune system not fully developed, fatal to other animals. Animal infected must has come into contact with pig contact at some point. TX - none. there is a vax antisera but it may or may not work. |
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What is the main difference between Corona virus and Parvo?
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Parvo is a viral infection that depletes the white blood cells/no buffy coat.
Corona doesn't affect the white blood cells and will have a buffy coat. |
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Feline Panleukopenia
Is also called what? What does it cause? Clinical Signs? How are cats vaccinated against this? |
Feline Distemper - found in cats, raccoons, large cats
Decrease in WBC Pyrexia, diarrhea, runny nose, eyes, sneezing. Cats get FVRCP - Feline Viral Rhinotrach, calici, and panleukopenia. |
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Anthrax Bacteria
Type of bacteria? Reportable? Cause? Clinical signs? Diagnosis? Treatment? |
Spore-forming
Reportable Cause - sudden death - DON'T OPEN for autopsy - buried in lime. Clinical Signs - no rigor mortis. DX - blood test - cut off the down ear and let blood drain down so spores are not airborne. Still in the Mississippi Valley - mostly gone. Tx - none. vaccine available. sterne - not 100% effective. |
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Q Fever
Etiology? Zoonotic? Cause? Treatment? |
Coxiella burnetti
Zoonotic Flu or chronic endocarditis in man - very serious. causes abortion in animals. Tx - tetracycline. |
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Actinomycosis
type of bacteria? cause? Treatment? |
gram positive bacteria - chronic supperative granulomatous disease
Cause - lumpy jaw in cattle - ulcerations and lumps abscess and are filled with sulphur granules Tx - open lumps and use iodine and sulpha drugs |
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Actinobacillosis
type of bacteria? Cause? Treatment? |
gram negative bacteria - affect all species
cause - wooden tongue in cattle - ulceration and lumps abscess and are filled with sulphur granules - tongue becomes hard like wood. Seen in head region and tongue but can be in lymph nodes. Tx - open lumps use iodine, sulpha drugs or tetracycline. |
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White muscle disease
Cause? Clinical Signs? Treatment? |
Cause - deficiency of Vitamin E and Selenium (trace mineral)
CS - myodegeneration (muscle) - if muscle is pure white, there is no myoglobin - euthanized. Other signs include weakness, down-can't get up, overall poor doers. Tx. Vitamin E and Selenium. |
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Azoturia
Also called? Cause? Why is it called the second name? Clinical signs? Treatment? |
Rhabdomyolysis or Monday Morning Disease
Cause - deficiency of Vitamin E and selenium. Seen in horses on high plane of forced exercise. Ridden hard weekend and put away and can't walk on monday. CS - appear as paralyzed, can't move, increased heart rate, sweating, painful myoglobinuria - black/brown. Tx - vitamin E and selenia |
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What are all the Equine Upper Respiratory disease?
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Viral Rhinopneumonitis
Equine Viral Arteritis Influenza Strangles Equine Infectious Anemia |
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Viral Rhinopneumonitis
cause? Clinical Signs? Treatment? |
Cause - herpes virus, upper respiratory, spread by direct contact of exudate and infected fetus's
CS - abortion, most mares 8-11 months of gestation. sick, nasal discharge, fever, CNS signs Tx - vaccine - intranasal (live) can't be given to a pregnant mare b/c it will cause abortion. There is a killed vax - can be given to preg mares or if in doubt. Do yearly. Provide supportive therapy. |
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Equine Viral Arteritis is what?
What are the clinical signs? Transmitted how? How to confirm EVA for Stallion. |
highly contagious viral disease caused by equine arteritis virus.
abortions in pregnant mares, death in young foals, and can persist as a chronic infection in stallions with shedding of the virus in their semen. Fever and respiratory problems. transmitted through the respiratory route, use of contaminated tack or equipment, in the mare's uterus, venereal route. best way to confirm is by a blood test. |
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Influenza
Cause? Clinical Signs? Treatment? |
Cause - Myxovirus A Equi 1 and 2.
CS - sudden onset, rarely abortion, high temperatures, and cold symptoms. Tx - Vaccine, can be given anytime - usually 1 year minimum. Support therapy, can isolate. Antibiotics |
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Strangles
Cause? What happens? Clinical Signs? Is there a vaccine? |
Cause - Streptococcus zooepidimicus - number 1 respiratory isolate of horses with equine pneumonia caused by streptococcus bacteria.
Enlargement of the lymph nodes of throat latch region - appears to be strangling the animal - highly contagious. |
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What is the number one strep bacteria isolated from Respiratory of horses?
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Streptococcus zooepidimicus.
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Equine Infectious Anemia
Also called what? Host? Habitat? Transmission? Clinical signs? -Acute -Sub-acute -chronic Treatment? pathology? Diagnosis? |
Swamp Fever or Equine Malarial Fever
Equidae - and man Hab - WBC Trans - blood sucking insects, iatrogenic. CS - onset takes about 3 weeks. -Acute - hemorrhage of serous membranes - animal dies or goes to sub-acute form. -Sub-acute - weight loss, jaundice, edema, periodic fever. Death in 2-3 months or goes into chronic form. -Chronic - periods of normalcy with emaciation, pale mm, S/Q edema, periodic fever. Tx - none. total issolation or euthanize. REPORTABLE! Pathology - decreased PVC, Platelets, neutrophils, Heinz Bodies. Increase in monocytes. Virus damages RBC membranes. Dx - Coggins Test - Agar Gel Immunodiffusion test. ** If test positive - immediate Euthanize. |
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What are the causes of Feline Upper Respiratory Disease Complex?
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1. Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis
2. Calici 3. Mycoplasma - baceria 4. Panleukopenia 5. Chlamydia - pneumonitis |
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What are the Clinical signs for Feline Upper Respiratory Disease Complex?
What vaccine can be given? Which can't be vax'ed for? If cat has mouth ulcers, what can you give to help them be able to eat again? |
classic eye infections, runny nose, sneezing, coughing, oral ulcerations (stop eating and nursing)
Vaccine - FVRCP - Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis, calici, panleukopenia. FVRCP + P = chlamydia (pneumonitis) Can't vax for mycoplasma but can isolate it out. Give supportive therapy. Can give buprenex and if that doesn't work valium. |
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Feline Infectious Anemia
Cause? Clinical Signs? Associated with? Diagnosis? Treatment? |
cause - Haemobartonella felis - parasite of RBC
CS - anemia, low RBC count, rarely associated by itself Associated with FIP, FIV, FELV Dx - examine RBC under microscope, blood smear and stain. Parasite attaches itself to RBC - little dots Tx - Oxytetracycle |
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Canine Distemper
Also called? Diagnosis? Clinical Signs? In old? In young? Treatment? |
Hard Pad Disease
Dx - difficult, because it effects all systems in the body, skin, GIT, CNS, respiratory CS - runny eyes, cough, diarrhea, seizures, sneezing, anything Old - if survive - encephalitis - "tic" hold head and eyes still move. Young - dental hypoplasia - brown spots on the teeth. If survive, their pads are hard and crack open - difficult to walk. Fairly Fatal Tx - supportive Therapy. |
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What diseases are associated with Clostridial Disease??
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Malignant Edema
Black Leg Bacillary Hemoglobin Uria Novyi Perfringes A-F Sordellii Tetani Botulinum |
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What is Clostridial Disease?
Causes? Treatment? |
Rod Bacteria - anaerobic formed spores
Cause- different diseases in a number of different animals Tx - penicillin, certain clostridium have vaccines, especially sheep and cattle. |
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Malignant Edema
Etiology Clinical signs? |
Clostridium septicum
CS - Edema of SQ tissues in ruminants, pigs, and horses - lumps in the skin. Rapidly develops - anaerobes destroy the tissues and produce gas. |
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Black Leg
Etiology? Clinical signs? Treatment? |
clostridium chauvoei
CS - lives in GIT - affects SQ tissue and muscles in legs. Turns black - when toxin is exposed to air. |
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Bacillary Hemoglobin Urea
Etiology? Clinical Signs? |
clostridium hemolyticum
red colored urine - DDX lepto and brachen fern poisoning. Mostly in cows GIT |
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Novyi
Other two names? Eiology? Clinical Signs |
Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis and Black's Disease
Clostridium Novyi toxin ecposed to air it turns black. Occurs where there is Liver fluke migration - Fascioliasis. Creates anaerobic conditions where novyi sets up and causes this. Big head in rams. |
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Perfringes A-F
Etiology? Habitat? Type C Type D |
clostridium perfringes types A, B, C, D, E, and F
Natural in GIT soil in infected feces. Type C - an overgrowth CS - struck - looks like animal was hit by lightning and just falls over. Type D - most common CS - overeating disease in young sheep, causes sudden death. Tx - tetanus and black leg. |
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Sordellii - cause of what?
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Malignant Edema
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Tetani
Etiology? Clinical Signs? Treatment? |
clostridium tetani
CS - lock jaw and tonic/clonic muscle spasms - muscles lock up. Acts at the neuromucscular junction and inhibites the releasing factor to release and allow the animal to relax. Tx - antitoxin, when available. and penicillin to knock down bacteria. |
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West Nile Virus
Who gets it? Whats the vector? Clinical Signs Transmitted how? What type of hosts are they? Zoonotic? Reportable? |
Humans, Horses, Birds, and has been seen in Canines
Wild birds are where the mosquito vector acquires the virus. CNS problems in horses - there is a vax for prevention but its still in testing part. Only transmitted by a mosquito bite Humans and horses are accidental hosts for WNV. Only infected birds contain enough virus in their blood to pass the virus on to an uninfected mosquitoes. The virus cannot be transmitted human-to-human or horse-to-horse or horse-to-human, etc. it is zoonotic. |
