Medicine

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Benzodiazepines (General Information)

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Contraindicated in pt w/ Resp. Disorder. Does NOT supress REM sleep. Schedule IV Drug. May cause drug depency. Metabolized in liver.

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Benzodiazepines (Side Effects/Adverse Effects)

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CNS depression, Excessive Sedation, Risk for suicide, Respiratory depression & Impairment of physical and mental activities.

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Benzodiazepines (Signs of Toxicity)

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Excessive sedation, Respiratory Depression, Coma & Agranulocytosis.

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Zaleplon (Sonata)

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Approved shorterm 7-10 days. May not Increase Sleep Time. May not decreaese awakening. Use cautiously with Pt.s with depression. Dosage should be reduced in pt. with mild to moderate liver impairment.

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Zalephlon (Side Effects)

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Depression, Nausea, Dizziness, Headache, Impaired coordination and Short-term memory impairment

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Zolpidem (Ambien)

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Approve for 7-10 days. Use cautiously in Pts. with depression. Dosage should be reduced for older adults. Dosage should be reduced for Pt.'s with hepatic impairment.

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Zolpidem (Ambien) Side Effects

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Daytime Drowsiness, Dizziness, Nausea and Diarrhea. Rebound insomina for 1 or 2 nights after stopping drugs.

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Constipation Drugs (General Information)

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Used for people with limited activiy. Poor Food intake. To emtpy intestinal tract in preparation for diagnostic test or surgery. Used in conjunction with meds to COUNTERACT meds with constipating properties.

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Constipation Drugs (Contraindications)

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LAxatives whould not be taken when the patient has abdominal pai since increasing PERISTALSIS can affect the intestinal condition adversely.

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Bulk Forming Laxatives

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Causes stool to absorb water and well; stimulating peristalsis and defecation.

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Methylcellulose

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Bulk Forming Laxative
Name: Citrucel

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Polycarbophil

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Bulk Forming Laxative
Name: FiberCon, Mitrolan

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Psyllium Preparations

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Bulk Forming Laxative
Name: Metamucil, Effersyllium, Serutan & Perdiem Plain

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Surfactant Laxative (Stool Softerners)

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Detergent action facilitate admixing of fat nd water in the stool. Stools are softer and easier to expel, little if any laxative effect.

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Docusate Sodium

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Surfactant Laxative
Name: Colace

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Docusate Calcium

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Surfactant Laxative
Name: Surfak

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Saline Cathertics

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Cause water to be retained. Distention of the bowel caused increased peristalsis and decreased intestinal transit time. Stool is semifluid.

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Magnesium Hydroxide

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Surfactant Laxative:
Name: Milk of Magnesia, Magnesia Magma

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Polyetheylene glycol

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Sufactant Laxative
Name: Miralax

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Polyetheylene glycol-electroly solution

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Surfactant Laxative
Name: PEG-ES, CoLyte, GoLytely, NuLytely, OCL

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Sodium phosphate / biphosphate

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Surfactant Laxative
Name: Fleet Phosphosoda, Fleet Enema

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Stimulant Cathartics

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Strongest and most abused laxative products. Irritate the GI mucosa and pull water into the bowel lumen. Too rapid of bowel flow to allow absorption. A watery stool is eliminated.

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Bisocodyl

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Stimulant Cathartics
Name: Dulcolax

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Senna Preparation

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Stimulant Cathartics
Name: Senokot, Black Draught

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Lubricant Laxative - Mineral Oil

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Lubracate fecal mass and slows colonic absorption of water from fecal mass.

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Bulk Forming (Nursing Implication/Interventions)

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May interefere with absorption of CALCIUM, IRON, and Certain Drugs. Contraindicated in beridden patients with intestinal strictures.

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Emollient/Stool Softeners (Nursing Implication/Interventions)

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May interfere with absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

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Lubricant (Nursing Implication/Interventions)

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May interfere with absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Can be aspirated causing a lipid pneumonia

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Stimulant (Nursing Implication/Interventions)

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Most abused laxatives. Causes lazy bowel syndrom. Can affect absorption of Calcium and Vitamin D. Alter electrolyte transport. Not recommended for the elderly.

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Saline-osmotic (Nursing Implication/Interventions)

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Not recommended for the elderly. Dehydration can occur. Not recommended in patients with heart failure or kidney disease.

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Diarrhea Drugs (General Highlights)

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Diarrhea can be acute or chronic. Acute diarrhea can result from bacterial or Viral agent, a reaction to medication or change in diet. Chronic diarrhea last more than 3-4 weeks. causes are surgery, alcohol or laxative abuse, chemo, ratiation and secondary disease states.

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Diarrhea (Focus)

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Care is to treat the symptoms, eliminate the causes of the diarrhea and replace FLUIDS.

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Anti-diarrheal Medication (Effects on GI smooth Muscle)

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Can be addictive. Can cause lightheadedness and Drowsiness. Should be stopped as soon as diarrhea diminishes. Loperamide (Immodium) must be stopped if no improvement within 48hrs.

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Anti-diarrheal Medication (Absorbent)

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Can interfere with some medications. With prolonged use can interfere with absorption of nutrients.

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Anti-diarrheal Medication (Anti-Secretory/Antimicrobial)

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Contains Salycilates. Can decrease absorption of some medications.

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Paregoric (Name)

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Opium

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Diphenoxylate/Atropine (Name)

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Lomotil*

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Loperamide (Name)

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Immodium

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Bismuth subsalicylate (Name)

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Pepto-Bismol