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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Beliefs in Ancient Period |
4 Humours, near dirty water |
Hippocrates |
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Ancient? |
500BC-1066 |
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Treatment in Ancient |
Healthy diet, bleeding, clean water, exercise |
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Beliefs in Medieval |
God made sinners ill |
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Medieval? |
1066-1500 |
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Medieval Treatments |
Preying to God |
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Beliefs in Renaissance |
Dirty air (miasma), spontaneous generation |
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Renaissance? |
1500-1750 |
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Renaissance Treatments |
Block out dirty air, can't do anything |
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Beliefs in Industrial |
Germs, spontaneous generation |
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Industrial? |
1750-1900 |
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Industrial treatments |
Antibiotics, can't do anything |
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Modern beliefs |
DNA |
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Modern? |
1900-Now |
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Modern treatment |
Alter DNA |
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When was Hippocrates around? |
400BC |
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What did Hippocrates do? |
Develop the idea of the 4 Humours. |
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What's the Hippocratic oath? |
An oath doctors take which is named after Hippocrates. It states they can't kill anyone with a drug, they always do the thing to benefit the patient, and they will only do what they're trained for. |
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Why did Galen become a doctor? |
God told his father in a dream. |
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What did Galen do to large wounds? |
Cleaned them with sponges soaked in wine, performed operations by stitching. |
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What did Galen dissect? |
Animals. |
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How many books did Galen write? |
Hundreds. |
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What theory did Galen come up with? |
Theory of opposites |
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What did Galen say about blood? |
That it was from the liver and couldn't be used up. |
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What factors helped public health? |
Government, individual genius, education, technology, communication |
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What factors caused regression in public health? |
Change in government, war, urbanisation, religion, communication, post Roman government. |
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Who didn't medieval hospitals treat? |
Pregnant women, people with lepracy, and 'annoying' people. |
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Who did medieval hospitals treat? |
Some sick, elderly. |
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Why did the church not help with parenting illness in the medieval period? |
Because the didn't encourage scientific knowledge, and people were made to make up for their sins by hurting themselves, which lead to infection. |
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How did he medieval church help with hygiene? |
They tried to get clean water to the monks in Canterbury. |
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How didn't the medieval church help with hygiene? |
Their plans for water was never carried out. |
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How didn't the medieval church help with care? |
People were treated by nuns, who believed in care not cure and had little medical knowledge. |
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How did the medieval church help with care? |
They tried to heal the sick with herbs |
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How didn't the medieval church help with treatment? |
They taught that God kept people safe from illness, so if you were I'll it was your punishment for sining. |
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How did the medieval church help develop medical knowledge? |
They taught Galen, which led people to start having more scientific views. |
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How didn't the medieval church help with developing medical knowledge? |
People couldn't go against Galen. |
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Superstitious beliefs about the plague? |
Position of planets, sinned, wearing shorts clothes, Jews. |
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Scientific beliefs about the plague |
Toilets, dead birds, water, 4humours, touching something the ill had touched. |
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Superstitious methods of preventing the black death |
Burning Jews, making candles, flagellenting. |
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Scientific methods of preventing the black death |
Having a bath to not open pours, theory of opposites |
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Superstitious methods of treating the black death |
Lighting a candle your height, make an offering to god, flagellenting, putting a live frog on plague sores untill it exploded. |
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Why was the printing press important? |
Because the church not longer posted all the books which meant that more people could post their scientific beliefs and the ideas would spread. |
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Why was the microscope important? |
It led to the discovery of "animalcules". |
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Who was one of the first microbiologists? |
Leeuwenhoek |
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What is the Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge? |
Scientists researching, which is backed by the royals. |
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Where did Harvey study? |
Padua |
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What did Harvey discover? |
That blood is circulated from the heart. |
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When did Harvey publish his book? |
1628 |
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What was Harvey's work based on? |
Dissections |
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How many of Galen's mistakes did Vesalius correct? |
Over 200 |
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What did Vesalius discover? |
The human anatomy |
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How was Galen wrong about the kidney? |
Galen said the left was lower than the right. |
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What was Vesalius' masterpiece called? |
On the Fabric of the Human Body |
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What are the four Humours? |
Black bile, yellow bile, blood, phlegm |
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What happened to hospitals at the beginning of the Renaissance? |
Many closed, some taken over by town councils. |
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What did Vesalius do to challenge Galen's anatomy ideas? |
He broke the law by stealing Lima from a deaf criminal. |
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What doctor was willing to learn from his experiences? |
Thomas Sydenham |
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What did St. Barts hospital so during the Renaissance? |
Became focused in practical training |
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What did Universities teach untill the end of the Renaissance? |
Galen and Hippocrates |
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When was Edward Jenner born? |
18th century |
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What was Edward Jenner? |
A county GP for his village named Berkely |
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What did Jenner notice? |
Milk maids who caught cow pox didn't get small pox |
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What was the boy's name who Jenner experimented on? |
James Phips |
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How many times was Phips injected with small pox? |
23 |
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Who used Jenner's vaccine? |
Napoleon |
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When was Jenner's vaccine made mandatory? |
1852 |
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Who is Louis Pasteur? |
French scientist |
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How did Pasteur feat come up with germ theory? |
He did experiments in different past of the world and found that the fine from the cities were infected |
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How does Pasteur develop germ theory? |
He studies cholera bacteria |
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What did Robert Koch discover? |
That specific germs caused specific diseases. |
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When was the great stink? |
1858 |
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When was germ theory? |
1861 |
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When was the second public health act? |
1875 |
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What did the second public health a t say? |
That all councils needed to provide clean water and sewers. |
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What did John Snow discover? |
People who were dying were all drinking from the same contaminated water source. |
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Who was in charge of the sewers in London and when? |
Bazalgette in 1859-65 |
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How did Florence Nightingale improve hospitals? |
She worked on sanitation, making sure they had clean water supplies, clean toilets, fresh air and food food. |
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Did Nightingale believe in germ theory? |
No, she just thought hat if was her duty to keep hospitals clean and germ theory would get in the way of that. Nightingale grew up with the idea of Miasma. |
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What's a cottage hospital? |
Local hospitals |
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What were voluntary hospitals? |
Local doctors have their time for free, and the wealthy gave donations. |
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What was the poor law union? |
They ran the workhouses. |
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What was a workhouse? |
The poor and disabled were sent here, and it had very poor conditions |
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What's a dispensary? |
Helped locals, and also know as the 'out-patients' hospital |
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What was an asylum? |
They were for the mentally ill. |
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What was a fever hospital? |
For people with infectious diseases. |
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What's an infirmary? |
Separate from workhouses and had a paid doctor to treat the sick. |
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What's a general hospital? |
These developed from cottage hospitals and voluntary hospitals in the 1900s. |
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What was the main problem with surgery in the 1800s? |
Pain, blood loss, and infection. |
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Who invented chloroform? |
Simpson |
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Why did chloroform lead to an increase in deaths? |
There wasn't a set dose, and over dosage was very common. |
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What did Lister do? |
Lister invented the first Antiseptic- carbolic acid. |
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What did Carbolic acid lead to? |
Less amputations and surgeons started to take more care by using sterilised equipment. |
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What was later used for surgery? |
Aseptic, keeping the germs out. |
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Why was the chloroform inhaler an important invention? |
Because it stopped over-doses |
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