Medicinal Terminology (6)

Front 1

arthralgia

Back 1

joint pain

Front 2

atrophy

Back 2

shrinking of tissue such as muscle

Front 3

crepitation

crepitus

Back 3

grating sound made by movement of some joints or broken bones

Front 4

exostosis

Back 4

a projection arising from a bone that develops from cartilage

Front 5

flaccid

Back 5

flabby, relaxed, or having defective or absent muscle tone

Front 6

hypertrophy

Back 6

increase in the size of tissue such as muscle

Front 7

hypotonia

Back 7

reduced muscle tone or tension

Front 8

myalgia

myodynia

Back 8

muscle pain

Front 9

ostealgia

osteodynia

Back 9

bone pain

Front 10

rigor or rigidity

Back 10

stiffness; stiff muscle

Front 11

spasm

Back 11

drawing in; involuntary contraction of muscle

Front 12

spastic

Back 12

uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles causing stiff and awkward movements (resembles spasm)

Front 13

tremor

Back 13

shaking; rhythmic muscular movement

Front 14

ankylosis

Back 14

stiff joint condition

Front 15

arthritis

Back 15

inflammation of the joints characterized by pain, swelling, redness warmth, and limitation of motion- there are more than 100 different types of arthritis

Front 16

osteoarthritis (OA)

Back 16

most common form of arthritis that especially affects weight-bearing joints (e.g., knee, hip); characterized by the erosion of articular cartilage

Front 17

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Back 17

most crippling form of arthritis characterized by a chronic, systemic inflammation most often affecting joints and synovial membranes (especially in the hands and feet) causing ankylosis (stiff joints) and deformity

Front 18

gouty arthritis

Back 18

acute attacks of arthritis usually in a single joint (especially the great toe) caused by hyperuricemia (an excessive level of uric acid in the blood)

Front 19

bony necrosis

Back 19

dead bone tissue from loss of blood supply such as can occur after a fracture (sequestrum= something laid aside)

Front 20

bunion

Back 20

swelling of the joint at the base of the great toe caused by inflamation of the bursa

Front 21

bursitis

Back 21

inflammation of a bursa

Front 22

carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 22

condition that results from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel at the wrist, characterised by pain, numbness, and tingling in the wrist and fingers and weak grip; commonly seen as a result of cummulative trauma of surrounding tendons

Front 23

chondromalacia

Back 23

softening of cartilage

Front 24

epiphysitis

Back 24

inflammation of epiphyseal regions of the long bone

Front 25

fracture (Fx)

Back 25

a broken or cracked bone

Front 26

closed fracture

Back 26

a broken bone with no open wound

Front 27

open fracture

Back 27

compound fracture; a broken bone with an open wound

Front 28

simple fracture

Back 28

a nondisplaced fracture involving one fracture line that does not require extensive treatment to repair

Front 29

complex fracture

Back 29

a displaced fracture that requires manipulation or sugery to repair

Front 30

fracture line

Back 30

line made by broken bone (e.g. oblique, spiral, or transverse)

Front 31

comminuted fracture

Back 31

broken in many little pieces

Front 32

greenstick fracture

Back 32

bending and incomplete break of a bone- most often seen in children

Front 33

herniated disk or disc

Back 33

protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root

Front 34

myeloma

Back 34

bone marrow tumor

Front 35

myositis

Back 35

inflammation of muscle

Front 36

myoma

Back 36

muscle tumor

Front 37

leiomyoma

Back 37

smooth muscle tumor

Front 38

leiomyosarcoma

Back 38

malignant smooth muscle tumor

Front 39

rhabdomyoma

Back 39

skeletal muscle tumor

Front 40

rhabdomyosarcoma

Back 40

malignant skeletal muscle tumor

Front 41

muscular dystrophy

Back 41

a category of genetically transmitted diseases characterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles

Front 42

osteoma

Back 42

bone tumor

Front 43

osteosarcoma

Back 43

type of malignant bone tumor

Front 44

osteomalacia

Back 44

disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency

Front 45

rickets

Back 45

osteomalacia in children (causes bone deformity)

Front 46

osteomyelitis

Back 46

infection of bone and bone marrow causing inflammation

Front 47

osteoporosis

Back 47

condition of decreased bone density and increased porosity, causing bones to become brittle and liable to fracture (porosis= passage)

Front 48

spinal curvatures:
kyphosis

Back 48

abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (humpback condition)

Front 49

spinal curvatures: lordosis

Back 49

abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition)

Front 50

spinal curvatures: scoliosis

Back 50

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (S-shaped curve)

Front 51

spondylolisthesis

Back 51

forward slipping of a lumbar vertebra (listhesis= slipping)

Front 52

spondylosis

Back 52

stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae due to joint degeneration

Front 53

sprain

Back 53

injury to a ligament caused by joint trauma but without joint dislocation or fracture

Front 54

subluxation

Back 54

a partial dislocation (luxation= dislocation)

Front 55

tendinitis

tendonitits

Back 55

inflammation of a tendon