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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Type 1 Diabetes
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insulin for the rest of the person's life
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Insulin injection
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injected into the subcutaneous fat and the injection sites are rotated (prevent formation of scar tissue)
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Insulin types
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- regular insulin
- insulin pumps - inhaled insulin (exubera) |
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Regular Insulin
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- onset is 30mins
- peaks in 30-60mins - duration is 1-1.5 hours - taken several times a day (usually before meals) |
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Regular Insulin NPH or 70/30, 75/25 insulin
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- intermediate acting
- onset 1-1.5 hours - peak 2-3 hours - duration 4-6 hours - usually taken 2-3 times a day |
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Subcutaneous fat Injection
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absorption of insulin into the blood mimics the rise in blood sugar
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Insulin Pumps
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- small machine (size of calculator) is attached to a needle that is permanently embedded under the skin
- usually contains regular insulin - person counts the number of carbs they are about to eat and dials in the amount of insulin to be delivered - better glucose control and more control for the patient |
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Ways body can increase blood glucose
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1. eating too much
2. liver (stores glucose in the form of glycogen) releases too much into the blood 3. pancreas do not secrete enough insulin 4. cell receptors are insensitive to insulin |
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Type 2 medications
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- oral hypoglycemic agent (Metformin)
- glyburide - Avandia - actos - glucotrol XL - Amaryl - glargine (lantus) |
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Oral hypoglycemic agent
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- nearly all type 2 diabetics are prescribed Metformin
- decrease the amount of carbs absorbed by the gut - increases cell sensitivity to insulin - decreases glucose release by the liver |
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Glyburide
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- Type 2
- increases the production of insulin by the pancreas |
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Avandia
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- Type 2
- increases cell sensitivity to insulin |
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Actos
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- Type 2
- increases cell sensitivity to insulin |
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Glucotrol XL
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- Type 2
- increases the release of insulin from the pancreas |
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Amaryl
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- Type 2
- increases the release of insulin from the pancreas |
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Glargine (lantus)
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- Type
- long-acting insulin |
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Typical medications regime for diabetic patient
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1. anti-hypersensitive
- beta-blocker: controls BP and decreases workload on heart - atenolol - toprol 2. ace inhibitor - control BP and kidney protection - captoril - lisinopril - vasotec |
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Hypoglycemic agents
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- medication to lower blood sugar
- insulin - orals - combination therapy |
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Lipid Lowering Agents
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- HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitors (statins, lipitor, zocor, crestor)
- bile acid sequesterants (lescol) - niacin (increase HDL) |
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Aspirin (ASA)
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- anti-platelet: platelets are the first type of blood cell that initiates a clot
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Normal blood sugar level (fasting)
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60/80-100 mg/dL
HbgA1c < 7.0% |
