Medications; Chapter 35

Front 1

absorption

Back 1

process by which a drug passes into the blood-stream

Front 2

adverse effects

Back 2

move severe side effects; may justify discontinuation of drug

Front 3

agonist

Back 3

a drug that produces the same type of response as the physiological or endogenous substance

Front 4

ampule

Back 4

a glass container usually designed to hold a single dose; distinctive shape with constricted neck

Front 5

anaphylactic reaction

Back 5

a sever allergic reaction usually occurring immediately after the administration of a drug

Front 6

antagonist

Back 6

a drug that inhibits cell function by occupying receptor sites; it blocks the effect of a natural body substance or other drugs

Front 7

bevel

Back 7

the slanted part at the tip of the needle

Front 8

biotransformation

Back 8

process by which a drug is converted to a less active form

Front 9

brand name

Back 9

Trade name

Front 10

buccal

Back 10

medication held in the mouth against the mucous membranes of the cheek until the drug dissolves

Front 11

cannula

Back 11

the part of the needle that is between the hub and the bevel

Front 12

chemical name

Back 12

name that describes the constituents of a drug precisely

Front 13

cumulative effect

Back 13

increasing response to repeated doses of a drug that occurs when rate of administration exceeds the rate of metabolism or excretion

Front 14

desired effect

Back 14

primary effect intended; the reason the drug is prescribed

Front 15

detoxification

Back 15

also known as metabolism or biotransformation

Front 16

distribution

Back 16

transportation of a drug from its site of absorption to its site of action

Front 17

drug

Back 17

interchangeable with medication in health care context, also has the connotation of an illicitly obtained substance

Front 18

drug abuse

Back 18

inappropriate intake of a substance, either continually or periodically

Front 19

drug allergy

Back 19

immunologic reaction to a drug

Front 20

drug dependence

Back 20

a person's reliance on or need to take a drug or substance

Front 21

drug habituation

Back 21

a mild form of physchological dependence

Front 22

drug half-life

Back 22

time required for the elimination process to reduce the concentration of the drug to one-half what it was at initial administration

Front 23

drug interaction

Back 23

occurs when the administration of one drug before, at the same time, or after another drug alters the effect of one or both drugs

Front 24

drug tolerance

Back 24

an unusually low physiological response to a drug and who requires increases in the dosage to maintain a given therapeutic effect

Front 25

drug toxicity

Back 25

deleterious effects of a drug on an organism or tissue

Front 26

elimination half-life

Back 26

drug half-life

Front 27

epidural

Back 27

parenteral administration into the epidural space

Front 28

ethnopharmacology

Back 28

the study of the effect of racial and ethnic differences/responses to prescribed medications

Front 29

excretion

Back 29

the process by which metabolites and drugs are eliminated from the body

Front 30

gastrostomy tube

Back 30

surgically placed directly into the client's stomach

Front 31

gauge

Back 31

diameter of the shaft of a needle

Front 32

generic name

Back 32

assigned by United States Adopted Names Council, used throughout the drug's lifetime

Front 33

hub

Back 33

the part of the needle that fits onto the syringe

Front 34

hypodermic

Back 34

subcutaneous

Front 35

hypodermic syringe

Back 35

used for administering a subcutaneous or intramuscular injection; comes in 1-3 mL and 5 mL sizes

Front 36

iatrogenic disease

Back 36

disease caused unintentionally by medical therapy

Front 37

idiosyncratic effect

Back 37

one that is unexpected; may be individual to client

Front 38

illicit drugs

Back 38

street drugs, drugs sold illegally

Front 39

inhibiting effect

Back 39

a drug interaction where the effect of one or both drugs is decreased

Front 40

insulin syringe

Back 40

syringe with specifically designed scale for insulin

Front 41

intradermal (ID)

Back 41

under the epidermis

Front 42

intradermal (ID) injection

Back 42

administration of a drug into the dermal layer

Front 43

Intramuscular (IM)

Back 43

into a muscle

Front 44

intramuscular (IM) injections

Back 44

injection into muscle tissue

Front 45

intraspinal

Back 45

intrathecal parenteral administration

Front 46

intrathecal

Back 46

intraspinal administration of medication

Front 47

intravenous (IV)

Back 47

into a vein

Front 48

irrigation

Back 48

the washing out of a body cavity by a stream of water or other fluid

Front 49

lavage

Back 49

irrigation

Front 50

medication

Back 50

a substance administered for the diagnosis, cure, treatment, or relief of a symptom or for prevention of a disease

Front 51

medication reconciliation

Back 51

the process of creating the most accurate list possible of all medications a patient is taking

Front 52

meniscus

Back 52

crescent-shaped upper surface of a column of liquid

Front 53

metabolism

Back 53

also known as biotransformation or detoxification

Front 54

metabolites

Back 54

the products of biotransformation

Front 55

metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

Back 55

a handheld nebulizer that releases medication through a mouthpiece

Front 56

nasogastric tube

Back 56

is inserted by way of the nasopharynx and placed into the client's stomach for the purpose of feeding or to remove gastric secretions

Front 57

NPO

Back 57

nothing by mouth

Front 58

Official Name

Back 58

name under which a drug is listed in one of the official publications

Front 59

onset of action

Back 59

the time after administration when the body initially responds to the drug

Front 60

ophthalmic

Back 60

medications for the eyes

Front 61

oral

Back 61

by mouth; drug is swallowed

Front 62

otic

Back 62

instillations or irrigations of the external auditory canal

Front 63

parenteral

Back 63

a route other than through the ailmentary or respiratory tract; by needle

Front 64

peak plasma level

Back 64

highest plasma level achieved by a single dose when the elimination rate of a drug equals the absorption rate

Front 65

percutaneous

Back 65

absorption through the skin

Front 66

pharmacist

Back 66

the art of preparing, compounding, and dispensing drugs

Front 67

pharmacody-namics

Back 67

mechanism of drug action and relationships between drug concentration and the body's responses

Front 68

pharmacogenetics

Back 68

a client's response that is influenced by genetic variations such as gender, size and body composition

Front 69

pharmacokinetics

Back 69

study of the absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion of drugs

Front 70

pharmacology

Back 70

the study of the effect of drugs on living organisms

Front 71

pharmacopoeia

Back 71

a book containing a list of products used in medicine, with descriptions of the product, chemical tests for determining identity and purity

Front 72

pharmacy

Back 72

the art of preparing, compounding, and dispensing drugs

Front 73

physiological dependence

Back 73

theses boichemical changes in body tissues come to require a substance for normal functioning

Front 74

piggyback

Back 74

a secondary IV setup where the second set connects the second container to the tubing of the primary container at the upper port

Front 75

plateau

Back 75

a maintained concentration of a drug in the plasma during a series of scheduled doses

Front 76

potentiating effect

Back 76

a drug interaction where the effect of one or both drugs is increased

Front 77

prefilled unit-dose system

Back 77

available as prefilled syringes ready for use or prefilled sterile cartridges that requires attachment of a reusable holder

Front 78

prescription

Back 78

written direction for the preparation and administration of a drug

Front 79

PRN order

Back 79

permits the nurse to give a medication when, in the nurse's judgment, the client requires it

Front 80

psychological dependence

Back 80

emotional reliance on a drug to maintain a sense of well-being accompanied by feelings of need or cravings for doing that drug

Front 81

receptor

Back 81

the drug's specific target, usually a protein located on the surface of a cell membrane or within the cell

Front 82

reconstitution

Back 82

the technique of adding a diluent to a powdered medication to prepare for administration

Front 83

shaft

Back 83

cannula

Front 84

side effect

Back 84

an effect that is unintended

Front 85

single order

Back 85

a one-time order, for a medication to be given once at a specified time

Front 86

standing order

Back 86

may be carried out indefinitely, or may have a termination date

Front 87

STAT order

Back 87

indicates that the medication is to be given immediately and only once

Front 88

subcutaneous

Back 88

into the subcutaneous tissue just below the skin

Front 89

sublingual

Back 89

a drug placed under the tongue

Front 90

synergistic

Back 90

two different drugs increase the action of one or another drug

Front 91

tandem

Back 91

an IV setup where the second container is attached to the line of the first container at the lower, secondary port

Front 92

therapeutic effect

Back 92

desired effect

Front 93

topical

Back 93

medications that are applied to a circumscribed surface area of the body

Front 94

trade name

Back 94

name given by the drug manufacturer and identifies it as property of that company

Front 95

transdermal patch

Back 95

a system that administers sustained-action medications via multi-layered films containing the drug and an adhesive layer

Front 96

tuberculin syringe

Back 96

a narrow syringe, calibrated in tenths and hundredths of a milliliter on one scale and sixteenths of a minim on the other scale

Front 97

vial

Back 97

a small glass bottle with a sealed rubber cap

Front 98

volume control infusion set

Back 98

small fluid containers attached below the primary infusion container so that the medication is administered through the client's IV line

Front 99

vastus lateralus

Back 99

largest part of the quadriceps femoris

Front 100

intraosseus

Back 100

pertaining to the interior of the bone

Front 101

deltoid muscle

Back 101

the muscle forming the rounded contour of the shoulder

Front 102

ventrogluteal

Back 102

injection site in gluteus medius; reasonably free of major nerves and vascular branches

Front 103

dorsogluteal

Back 103

injection site on posterior

Front 104

rectus femoris

Back 104

one of four quadriceps; middle front of thigh; fusiform in shape