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28 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Actos
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Therapeutic:antidiabetics
Pharm: thiazolidinediones Management of type 2 diabetes. Improves sensitivity to insulin by acting as an agonist at receptor sites involved in insulin responsiveness and subsequent glucose production and utiliation |
Contra: diabetes ketoacidosis, liver disease or increased ALT.
Adverse: edema, hepatitis, increased liver enzymes, anemia, fractures. |
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Aldactone
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Therapeutic: diuretic
Pharm: Potassium sparing diuretic Counteracts potassium loss caused by other diuretics, used to tx edema or HTN. Inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the kiddney while saving potassium and hydrogen ions |
Contra: Hyperkalemia, anuria, renal insufficiency
Adverse reactions Dizziness , HA, arrhythmias, constipation, nausea, vomiting hyperkalemia |
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ASA (aspirin)
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Therapeutic: anipyretic, nonopioid analgesics
Pharm: Salicylates Inflammatory disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, oseoarthritis, mild to moderate pain, fever, prophylaxis or transiet ischemic attacks and MI. Produce analgesia and reduces inflammation or fever by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins. |
Contra: Cross sensitivity with other NSAIDs may exist, bleeding disorders or thrombocytopenia, children or adolescents with viral infection.
Adverse: Tinnitus, GI bleeding, dupepsia, epigastric distress, nausea, abd pain,anaphylaxis, and laryngeal edema |
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atenolol
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Therapeutic: antianginals, antihypertensives
Pharmacologic: beta blockers Management of HTN, angina pectoris, prevention of MI Blocks stimulation of beta adrenergic receptors. Decrease BP and HR. |
Contra: Uncompensated CHF, plumonary edema, cardiogenic shock, brady cardia, or heart block.
Adverse reactions: fatigue, weakness, anxiety depression, dizziness, drowsiness, insomnia, memory loss, mental status changes nervousness, nightmares. |
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Ativan (lorazepam)
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Therapeutic: anesthetic adjuncts, antianxiety agents, sedative/hypnotics
Pharm: benzodiazepines decreases preoperative anxiety and provides amnesia, tx for insomnia, acute mania, or acute psychosis. Depresses the CNS by potentiating GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter |
Contra: Cross sensitivity with other benzodiazepines, comatose pts or pre existing CNS depression, speep apnea, severe hypotension
Adverse reactions: Dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, hangover, HA, ataxia, slurred speech. |
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Cardizem
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Therapeutic: antianginals, antiarrhythmics, andtihpertensives
Pharm: calcium channel blockers HTN , Angina pecotris and vosospastic angina, supraventricular tachyarrhythmias and rapid ventricular rates in atrail flutter or fibrillation. Inhibits transport of calcium into myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in inhibition or excitation contraction coupling and subsequent contraction. |
Contra: Sick sinus syndrome, 2nd or 3rd degree AV block, BP under 90
Adverse: abnormal dreams, anxiety, confussion, HA peripheral edema, brady cardia |
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Cefepime
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Therapeutic: Anti-infectives
Pharm: Fourth generation cephalosporins Tx of infections- binds to bacterial cell wall membrane causing cell death. |
Contra: serious hypersensitivity to penicillins
Adverse reactions: riashesm pain at site, phlebitis, anaphylaxis, fever, |
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celebrex
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Therapeutic: antirheumatics, nonsteroidal, anti-infammatory agents
Pharm:COX-2 inhibitors Inhibits the enzyme COX-2. This enzyme is required for the synthesis of prostaglandins. Has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti pyretic properties. Decreases pain and inflammation caused by arthritis or spondylitis. |
contra: Crossensitivity with other NSAIDS including aspirin, history of asthma,
Adverse reactions: Diziness, HA, abd pain, Gi bleeding, rash |
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celexa
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Therapeutic: antidepressant
Pharm: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Selectively inhibits the reuptake of serotonin in the CNS - antidepressant |
Contra: Concurrent MAO inhibitor or pimozide therapy
Adverse reactions: apathy, confussion, drowsiness, insomnia, weakness, abd pain, anorexia, diarrhea, dry mouth, dyspepsia, flatulence, increase saliva, nausea, increase sweating, tremor |
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cipro
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therapeutic: anti-infectives
pharm: fluoroquinotones Treatment for bacterial infection. Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase |
contra: Cross sensitivity among agents within class may occur
Adverse reactions: seizures, dizziness, HA, insomnia, acute psychoses, agitation, confusion, drowsiness, arrhythmias, pseudomembranous colitis, diarrhea, nausea, abd pain, anaphylaxis. |
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colace
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therapeutic: laxatives
Pharm: Stool softeners Promotes incorporation of water into stool. May also promote electrolyte and water secretion into the colon |
Contra: abd pain, nausea, or vomiting
Adverse: throat irritation, mild cramps, rashes |
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coumadin
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Therapeutic: anticoagulants
Pharm: coumarins Interferes with hepatic synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors. Prophlaxis and tx of venous thrombosis pulmonary embolism, artrial fibrillation with embolization. Management of MI. |
Contra: Uncontrolled bleeding, open wounds, active ulcer disease, recent brain eye or spinal cord injury or surgery, liver or kidney disease, uncontrolled hypertension.
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darvocet-N-100
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propoxyphene napsylate and acetaminophen.
Therapeutic: opiod analgesics Pharm: opiod agonists, opiod agonists/nonopiod analgesic combo Binds to opiate receptors in teh CNS. alters the perception of painful stimulas |
Contra: hypersensativity
Adverse: dizziness, weakness, dysphoria, HA insomnia, nausea, abd pain, constipation, vomiting |
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demerol
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therapeutic: opiod analgesic
pharm: opiod agonists binds to opiate receptors in the CNS alters the perception of and response to pai |
Contra: hypersensitivity to bisulfites, pregnancy or lactation, MAO inhibitor therapy.
Adverse: seizures, confusion, sedation, dysphoria, hypotension, bradycardia, constipation, nausea, vomiting |
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diflucan
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therapeutic: antifungals
Inhibits synthesis of funal sterols, a necessary componetn of the cell membrane. |
Contra: concurrent use with pimozide.
Adverse: hepato toxicity, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting. |
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dulcolax
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Therapeutic: laxative
Pharm: stimulant laxative Stimulates peristalsis. alters fluid and elctrolyte transport, producing fluid accumulation in the colon |
Contra: Abd pain, obstruction, nausea or vomiting
Adverse: Abdominal cramps, nausea, diarrhea, rectal burning |
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duragesic patch
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therapeutic: opiod analgesics, anesthetic adjuncts
Pharm: opiod agonists for moderate to severe chronic pain requiring continuous opiod analgesic therapy for an extended time at a dosage. Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS altering pain |
Contra: hypersensitivity to fentanyl or adhesives, alcohol intolerance
Adverse: confusion, sedation, weakness, dizziness, restlessness, spnea, anorexia, constipation, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, sweating erythema. |
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epogen (procrit)
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Therapeutic: anianemics
Pharm: hormones Stimulate erythropoieses (production of red blood cells). Anemia associated with chronic renal failure |
Contra: type 2 diabetes, concurrent use of potassium-sparing diuretics, concurrent use of stron inhibitors.
Adverse: Dizziness, fatigue, abnormal liver function tests, hyperkalemia |
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ferrous sulfate
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Therapeutic: antianemics
Pharm: iron supplements prevention and treatment of iron deficiency treatment. |
Contra: hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis or other evidence of iron overload.
Adverse: hypotension, nausea, constipation, dark stools, diarrhea, epigastric pain, skin staining, anaphylaxis |
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flomax
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Therapeutic: none assigned
Pharmacologic: peripherally acting anti-adrenergics decreases contractions in smooth muscle of prostatic capsule by preferenially binding to alpha adrenergic receptors. Management of outflow obstruction in male patients with prostatic hyperplasia. |
Contra: hypersensitivity
Adverse: dizziness, HA, rhinitis, orthostatic hypotension, retograde diminished ejaculation. |
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flovent
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Therapeutic: antiasthmatics, corticosteroids
Pharm: corticosteroids (inhalation) Potaent, locally acting anti-inflammatory and immune modifier. Maintenance tx of asthma as prophylactic therapy. |
Contra: know hypersensativity or intolerance, acute attack of asthma/status asthmaticus.
Adverse: HA, agitation, depression, diziness, fatigue, insomnia, restlessness dysphonia, hoarseness, cataracs. |
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fosamax
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Therapeutic: bone resorption inhibitors
Pharm: biphosphonates Tx and prevention of postmenopusal osteoporosis. Inhibits resorption of bone by inhibiting osteoclast activity |
Cont: renal insufficiency, OB, lactation
Adverse: HA, blurred vision, conjunctivitis, eye pain/inflammation, abdominal distention, abd pain, acid regurgitation, constipation diarrhea, dyspepsia, dysphagia |
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furosemide
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Thereapeutic: diuretics
Phar: loop diuretics Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the loop of hemle and distal renal tubule. Increases renal excretion of water sodium chloride magnesium potassium and calcium. Tx for heart failure, hepatic impairment, renal disease, HTN. |
Cont: cross sensitivity with thiazides and sulfonamides, hepatic coma or anuria.
Adverse: dehydration, hypochloremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypovolemia, metabolic alkalosis. |
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glucophage
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Therapeutic: antidiabetics
pharm: biguanides Management of type 2 diabetes. Decreases hepatic glucose production decreases intestinal glucose absorption, increases sensitvity to insulin. |
Contra: Metabolic acidosis, dehdration, sepsis, hypoxemia, hepatic impairment, excessive alcohol, renal dysfunction.
Adverse: abdominal bloating, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting unpleaseant metal taste, lactic acidosis decreased vitamin b12 levels. |
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glucotrol
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therapeutic: antidiabetic
Pharm: sulfonylureas Control of blood glucose in type 2 diatbetes. Lower blood glucose by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas and increasing the sensitivity to insulin at receptor sites. |
cont: hypersensitvity wtih sulfonamides, type 1 diabetes, diabetic coma or ketoacidosis.
Adverse: photosensitvity, rashes, hypoglycemia hyponatremia aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, leukopenia, pancytopenia |
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Glyburide
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Therapeutic: antidiabetics
Pharm: sulfonylureas Lowers blood glucose by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas and increasing the sensitivity to at receptors. May decrease hepatic glucose production. Manages type 2 diabetes |
contra: Hypersensitivity with sulfonamides, type 1 diabetes, diabetic coma or ketoacidosis
Adverse: photo sensitivity, rashes hypoglycemia, aplastic anemia |
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Heparin (HCTZ)
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Therapeutic: anticoagulant
Pharm: antithrombotics Potentiates the inhibitory effect of antithrombin on factor Xa and thrombin. prophylaxis and tx of various thromboembolic disorders |
Contra: uncontrolled bleeding, severe thrombocytopenia, open wounds
Adverse: anemia, thrombocytopenia, drug-induced hepatitis |
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Imdur
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Therapeutic: antianginals
Pharm: nitrates produce vasodilation. Decrease left ventricle end-diastolic pressure and left ventricular end- diastolic volume. acute tx of anginal attacks. |
contra: concurrent use of sildenafil, vardenafil, or tadalafil
adverse: dizziness, headache, hypotension, tachycardia, |
