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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Digoxin and its class? |
it is used to control heart rhythm, regulates rapid or ireegular heart rate. improves heart failure. class: anti-arrhythmic, brand name: lanolin side effects: loss of appetite & tiredness with-hold if: pulse is 60 or bp: 101/50 |
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what is an Angiotensin-2 blockers (A2 blockers) & what do they do? |
Angiotensin is a chemical in the body that narrows the arteries. Angiotensin 2 blockers prevent the production of angiotensin. This helps the blood vessels to relax, which lowers your blood pressure.
These medications have a similar action to the ACE inhibitors, but tend to block the effects of angiotensin more selectively
They are usually better tolerated, and usually used only if a patient is unable to tolerate an ACE inhibitor. |
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what are two examples of Angiotensin - 2 blockers medications |
.Candesartan ( Atacand) . Irbesartan (Avapro, Karvea) |
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what is the best time to take Angiotensin -2 blockers medications |
* Take your tablets at the same time each day. This produces the best effect on your blood pressure.
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two side effects of Angiotensin- 2 blocker medications |
light headiness & dizziness |
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what are ACE inhibitors & what do they do |
ACE stands for angiotensin-converting enzyme These medications inhibit (block) the production of angiotensin – a powerful chemical in the body that has a narrowing effect on the blood vessels.
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explain the action of ACE inhibitors to me |
ACE inhibitors dilate (open up) your blood vessels, helping your heart to pump more efficiently. They are very effective in: * treating heart failure * lowering blood pressure * helping patients who have had a heart attack
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what are two examples of ACE inhibitor medications |
Ramipril (Ramace, Tritace) Quinapril ( Accupril, Asig) |
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what do all ACE inhibitors end in? |
pril |
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what are two side effects of ACE inhibitors name two |
light headed and dizziness if bp is too low |
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what is AMIODARONE |
it's another antiarrhythmic drug |
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what does Amiodarone treat? |
used to treat tachyarrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia and patients at high risk of sudden cardiac death |
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what are two side effects of Amiodarone? |
Increased sensitivity to the sun taste disturbances (metallic) |
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what test's may you require during taking Amiodarone? |
You will need to have regular thyroid function tests as amiodarone can affect the way the thyroid gland works, altering your metabolism. |
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what is FLECAINIDE |
belongs to the membrane stabilising (class I) group of anti-arrhythmic agents it depresses conduction in all parts of the heart with the greatest effect on the His-Purkinje system does not usually alter heart rate |
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what is Flecainide used for |
* To treat serious heart rhythm disturbances.
* To slow down and steady the heart. |
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what are two side effects of Flecainide? |
Palpitations & fatigue |
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what are Combination products benefits |
To help patients improve compliance in taking their medications, some pharmaceutical companies create combined products to try and reduce the number of tablets. |
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what are two examples of Combination product medications |
Atacand Plus (Candesartan (A2 blocker) + Hydrochlorothiazide (Diuretic)
Accuretic ( Quinapril (ACE inhibitor) + Hydrochlorothiazide (Diuretic) |
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What do anti-coagulants do? |
Anti-coagulant drugs prevent or delay clotting of the blood. Clots are made up of tiny blood cells called platelets, which clump together and mix with a protein called fibrin. Anti-coagulants prevent fibrin from forming, by affecting the clotting factors produced by the liver. |
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what is WARFARIN used for |
For treating atrial fibrillation/flutter (also known as AF). This is characterised by a fast and irregular heart beat. Warfarin can prevent the tiny clots that are easily formed as a result of the turbulent flow of blood through the heart chambers, during AF. |
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what time of the day do you take warfarin? |
* Take your warfarin tablets ONCE a day in the evening.
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what test's are required whilst taken warfarin? |
You will need regular blood tests while you are taking this medicine. Your doctor will tell you how often and advise what dose to take until your next blood test. |
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what is does INR mean? |
The INR (International Normalised Ratio) is a measure of how long it takes your blood to clot compared with standard time. Your doctor may want your blood to take twice as long as the normal time to clot. This means the aim is to have an INR of 2. |
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what are two side effects of an INR |
* Increased risk of bleeding/bruising.
* Rarely, skin rash. |
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what are Anti-platelet medications |
Anti-platelet medications prevent clots forming. They act on the platelets – small blood cells that are important for helping the blood to clot.
These medications make the surface of the platelet less sticky. |
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what is an example of an Anti-platelet medication? |
ASPIRIN |
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what are two side effects of ASPIRIN |
* Stomach irritation and discomfort.
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what is CLOPIDOGREL |
* Taken in addition to aspirin, clopidogrel prevents blood clots forming on newly implanted stents.
* Used in strokes and heart disease in patients who are allergic to aspirin. |
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what are two brand names of Clopidogrel? |
Plavix, Iscover |
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how long should Clopidogrel be taken for after a stent? |
After having a stent, take for at least 12 months, then as directed by your cardiologist. |
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what are two side effects of Clopidogrel? |
Indigestion & nausea |
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what are Beta-blockers |
* Beta-blockers block the effects of adrenaline on your heart and blood vessels, reducing the work your heart has to do.
* They have a protective effect after a heart attack (e.g. Metoprolol), and are also useful in preventing attacks of angina (e.g. Atenolol). * They also have an effect in lowering raised blood pressure. * Some beta-blockers can be used in heart failure to help the heart work more effectively (e.g. Bisoprolol, Carvedilol and Metoprolol XL). * Some beta-blockers are able to help control heart rhythm disturbances (e.g. Sotolol). |
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name two examples of Beta-blockers |
Atenolol ( Anselol, Atehexal, Noten, Tenormin, Tensig)
Sotalol (Cardol, GenRx, Sotacor, Solavert, Sotahexal) |
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what do all Beta-blockers end in? |
olol or lol |
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what are two side effects of Beta-blockers? |
Tiredness when exercising Low blood pressure |
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what two conditions can be made worse by using Beta-blockers? |
asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
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why does the body need Calcium channel blockers |
Calcium is needed in the body for all muscles including the heart muscle to be able to contract and work properly. |
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what do Calcium channel blockers do? |
Calcium channel blockers dilate (open up) your blood vessels by reducing the amount of calcium entering the heart cell - this causes the vessels to relax. As a result, these drugs have the effect of increasing the blood supply to the heart, and reducing the work the heart has to do to pump blood around the body. |
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what do calcium channel blockers end in? |
dipine |
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what are two examples of calcium channel blockers? |
Amlodipine ( Norvasc) Verapamil ( Anpec, Anpec SR, Cordilox SR, Isoptin, Isoptin SR, Veracaps SR) |
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what are calcium channel blockers used for? |
* To prevent angina.
* To lower high blood pressur |
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what are two side effects of calcium channel blockers? |
Low blood pressure causing dizziness, light-headedness or faintness Constipation especially with Diltiazem and Verapamil. |
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what are Cholesterol (lipid)-lowering agents |
‘Blood lipids' is the name given to all the fatty substances in the blood, including HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides.
The overall aim of diet and drug treatment is to lower the amount of cholesterol in the blood, especially the LDL cholesterol. The main groups of drugs that doctors use to treat high cholesterol are called statins. However, these don't suit everyone, and doctors sometimes have to use an alternate type of drug to reduce cholesterol levels.
STATINS (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) |
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what are two examples of Cholesterol (lipid)-lowering agents? |
Atorvastatin( Lipitor) Simvastatin( Lipex, Simvar, Zimstat, Zocor) |
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what do all cholesterol(lipid)- lowering agents end in? |
statin |
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what are two side effects of Cholesterol(lipid)-lowering agents? |
* Constipation, diarrhoea, wind, stomach upset, nausea.
* Headache, dizziness, inflammation of the liver, muscle ach |
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what is an example of another Other drugs to reduce blood lipids |
Ezetimibe 10mg Ezetrol(brand) |
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what are two side effects of Ezetimibe? |
* Headache, diarrhoea.
* When taken with a statin, increased risk of sore, achey muscles. |
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what are Diuretics ? |
* Cause your kidneys to remove excess water and salt from your body into your urine.
* Reduce swelling and water retention (e.g. in your legs or in your lungs) often caused by heart disease. * Treat high blood pressure. |
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what times of the day should you take Diuretics? |
* If you are taking the diuretic twice daily, take the second dose in the afternoon, rather than in the evening or at night. This avoids the need to get up during the night to urinate.
* |
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what are two examples of Diuretics? |
Frusemide( Frusehexal, Frusemide-BC, Frusid, GenRx Frusemide, Lasix, Urex, Uremide)
Hydrochlorothiazide( Dithiazide) |
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what do all diuretics end in? |
ide |
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what may you also be prescribed when taken Diuretics? |
You may be prescribed a potassium supplement; e.g. Slow K® or Span K® whilst you are taking your diuretic. Be aware that the dose of the potassium supplement may change depending upon the dose of your diuretic and also other medicines. Your doctor will check your electrolyte balance in your blood |
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what must be monitored during taken diuretics? |
* Weigh yourself regularly and report any rapid loss or increase in weight to your doctor.
* fluid input & output |
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what are two side effects of Diurectics? |
* Frequent need to pass urine, dry mouth, thirst.
* Light-headedness, dizziness. If affected, get up slowly from your chair or bed. Do not drive or operate dangerous machinery until you know how this medicine affects you. |
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What do nitrates do? |
Nitrates are called vasodilators. They dilate (open up) blood vessels, including the ones carrying blood and oxygen to your heart. They are very useful in relieving angina pain.
Some preparations are used on an ‘as required' basis to control angina pain. Others (e.g. patches and sustained-release tablets) deliver a continuous supply of the drug over a longer period.
CAUTION: You must not take Viagra, Cialis or Levitra if you are taking any nitrate Medication. It may lead to a severe drop in your blood pressure, which may be difficult to treat. |
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what are two examples of sHORT-ACTING NITRATES |
Glyceryl Trinitrate (also known as nitroglycerine and GTN) *Dose under the TONGUE* ( Anginine, Lycinate Tablets Nitrolingual pump spray)
Isosorbide Dinitrate ( Isordil tablets) |
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what are two examples of LONG-ACTING NITRATES |
Isosorbide Mononitrate tablets( Arsorb, Duride, Imtrate SR Imdur, Isomonit, Monodur)
Glyceryl Trinitrate Patches( Nitro-Dur 5, 10, 15mg Minitran 5, 10, 15mg Transiderm Nitro 25 Transiderm Nitro) |
