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178 Cards in this Set
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Diphenhydramine
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Benadryl H1 Blocker
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chlorpheniramine maleate
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Chlor Trimeton H1 Blocker
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promethazine
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Phenergan H1 Blocker
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Loratidine
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claritan H1 blocker, 2nd gen
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fexofenadine
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allegra H1 blocker, 2nd gen
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cetirizine
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zyrtec H1 blocker, 2nd gen
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ranitidine
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H2 blocker Zantac
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cimetidine
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Tagamet H2 blocker
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Salmeterol
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Serevent Diskus, b2 agonist, inhaled, long acting
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Advair Diskus
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salmeterol + fluticasone, long acting b2 agonist + steroid
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albuterol
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short b2 agonist
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terbutaline
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b2 short agonist
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fluticasone
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CORT, allergic rhinitis
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theophylline
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methylxanthine, COPD
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acetylcysteine
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mucolytic. Uses: filamentary keratitis, dry eye, corneal burn
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Cimetidine
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Tagamet H2 blocker
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Ranitidine
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H2 blocker; GERD
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Omeprazole
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prilosec, GERD, proton pump inhibitor
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esomeprazole
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nexium, GERD, proton pump inhibitor
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colloidal bismuth compounds
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pepto bismol, inhibits pepsin activity, stimulates mucous secretion, used w/ antibiotics. SE: tinnitus, black tongue
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methotrexate
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Antibmetabolite. rheumatrex. folic acid analog. inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. inhibits DNA synth. Uses: Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriases, leukemias, lymphomas
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5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)
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Efudex. folic acid analog. inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. inhibits DNA synth. Uses: colon cancer, BCC, trabeculectomy to prevent wound healing
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Tamoxifen
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Nolvadex. Estrogen antagonist. Use: breast cancer. SE: crystalline retinopathy. >6.5 mg/kg/day for 5+ years.
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rifampin
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mRNA synth blocker. Use: TB
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trimethoprim
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folic acid synth inhibitor -> nucleic acid/protein inhibitor
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sulfisoxazole
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sulfonamide. gantrisin; inhibits folic acid synth. bacteriostatic. Gram +/-
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sulfacetamide
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sulamyd. sulfonamide. inhibits folic acid synth. bacteriostatic. Gram +/-
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sulfamethoxazole
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gantanol. sulfonamide. inhibits folic acid synth. bacteriostatic. Gram +/-
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pyrimethamine
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Daraprim. inhibits folic acid synth. bacteriostatic. Gram +/-. Oral med for toxo in the eye.
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trimethoprim
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SE: bone marrow suppression. TMP = treats marrow poorly. NO PREGNANT. Steven Johnsons.
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Amphotericin B
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Amphocin. Binds ergosterol. Forms leaky pores in fungi. ung & soln. SE: nephrotoxicity w/ IV
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Nystatin
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Mycostatin. Binds ergosterol, forms leaky pores in fungi. topical only.
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Natamycin
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Natacyn. Fungal keratitis. Preg class C.
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ketoconazole
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inhibits ergosterol synth.. SE: liver dysfunc. inhibits cp450, fever, chills.
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fluconazole
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diflucan. inhibits ergosterol synth.. SE: liver dysfunc. inhibits cp450, fever, chills.
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miconazole
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monostat-derm. inhibits ergosterol synth.. SE: liver dysfunc. inhibits cp450, fever, chills.
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Griseolfulvin
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Grifulvin. Oral antifuntal. Blocks MT formation during cell-wall development. Use: scalp, skin, nails
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Bacitracin
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Gram + antibac. Blocks cell wall synth. blocks peptidoglycan precursor. ung only.
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polysporin
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bacitracin + polymixin B (gram -)
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neosporin
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bacitracin, polymixin b, neomycin
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vancomycin
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blocks pptidocglycan/cell wall synth. for MRSA/endophthalmitis. Gram +. SE: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, red man's syndrome at IV site.
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MRSA are resistant to...
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cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, macrolides
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ciprofloxacin
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ciloxan, cipro. fluoroquin. inhibits bact DNA synth by inhibiting DNA gyrase/topoisomerase IV. Use: urinary/GI infections
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ofloxacin
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ocuflox. fluoroquin. inhibits bact DNA synth by inhibiting DNA gyrase/topoisomerase IV.
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levofloxacin
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quixin. fluoroquin. inhibits bact DNA synth by inhibiting DNA gyrase/topoisomerase IV.
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gatifloxacin
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zymar. fluoroquin. inhibits bact DNA synth by inhibiting DNA gyrase/topoisomerase IV. 4th gen. gram +/-.
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moxifloxacin
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vigamox, avelox. fluoroquin. inhibits bact DNA synth by inhibiting DNA gyrase/topoisomerase IV. gram +/-. 4th gen. Avelox = respiratory quinolone.
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fluoroquinolone SE
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gi infections, skin rashes, HA, dizziness. Oral: tendonitis, no preg, no children <18.
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penicillin G
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IV. inhibits peptidoglycan crosslinks. Gram + vs strep, syphillis, meningitis, pneumococcal. inhibited by food.
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PCN
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inhbiits transpeptidase.
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ampicillin
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gram +/-. Use: otitis media, respiratory infections in kids. vs. haemophilus influenzae gram -. NOT resistant to penicillinase. SE: hypersenstivity, analphylaxis, hemolytic anemia.
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amoxicillin
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gram +/-. Use: otitis media, respiratory infections in kids. vs. haemophilus influenzae gram -. NOT resistant to penicillinase. SE: hypersenstivity, analphylaxis, hemolytic anemia.
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augmentin
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amoxicillin + beta lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid
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methicillin
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penicillinase resistant. narrow spectrum vs S. aureus, epidermidis.
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SE: interstitial nephritis
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nafcillin
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penicillinase resistant. narrow spectrum vs S. aureus, epidermidis. Use: IV for orbital cellulitis.
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dicloxacillin
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penicillinase resistant. narrow spectrum vs S. aureus, epidermidis. Oral. Uses: hordeolums, bleph
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Cephalexin
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Keflex. 1st gen. Gram +. inhibit peptidoglycan cross-linking. beta lactam. bactericidal. less suceptible to penicillinase.
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Uses: dacryoadenitis, preseptal cellulits. SE: hypersentiviity, nephrotoxicity, dec Vit K abs
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Ceftrioxone
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Rocephin. 3rd gen. more gram -. inhibit peptidoglycan cross-linking. beta lactam. bactericidal. less suceptible to penicillinase.
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Use: meningitis, gonorrhea, gono conjunc IV. SE: hypersentiviity, nephrotoxicity, dec Vit K abs
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Gentamicin
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Garamycin. binds 30s subunit. Gram +/- . Fortified w/ cefazolin for corneal ulcers.
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SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, SPK
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Tobramycin
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Tobrex. binds 30s subunit. Gram +/- . Fortified w/ cefazolin for corneal ulcers.
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SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, SPK
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Tetracycline
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binds to 30s. blocks tRNA. bacteriostatic.
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Use: chlamydia, mycoplasma pneumonia, lyme disease. no food. No pregnant, no children, no renal failure. SE: pseudotumor cerebri, bone retardation, teeth discolor, photosens, GI distress
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doxycycline
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binds to 30s. blocks tRNA. bacteriostatic.
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Use: chlamydia, mycoplasma pneumonia, lyme disease, meibomianitis, acne rosacea. ok for renal failure. No pregnant, no children. SE: pseudotumor cerebri, bone retardation, teeth discolor, photosens, GI distress
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minocycline
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binds to 30s. blocks tRNA. bacteriostatic.
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Use: chlamydia, mycoplasma pneumonia, lyme disease, acne. no food. No pregnant, no children, no renal failure. SE: pseudotumor cerebri, bone retardation, teeth discolor, photosens, GI distress
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Chloramphenicol
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chloroptic. blocks 50s. Gram +/-.
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SE: aplastic anemia, optic neuritis, grey baby syndrome
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erythromycin
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binds 50s. macrolide. bacteriostatic. More Gram +. qid
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Use: staph bleph, prophylaxis of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum, chlamydia. SE: GI
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azithromycin
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binds 50s. macrolide. bacteriostatic. More Gram +. qd.
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Empty stomach. Use: chlamydia trachoma, inclusion conj. SE: GI
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clarithromycin
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binds 50s. bacteriostatic, more gram +.
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Use: respiratory infections. SE: GI
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lincomycin
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binds 50s. bacteriostatic, more gram +
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Use: methacillin resistant bac. SE: GI
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clindamycin
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binds 50s. bacteriostatic. More gram +
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Use: methacillin resistant bac. SE: GI
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metronidazole
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metrogel. disrupts DNA/nucleic acid synth.
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Use: acne rosacea
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rifampin
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RNA polymerase inhibitor.
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Use: TB. SE: orange-pink tears.
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isoniazid
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Use: latent TV
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SE: optic neuritis
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pyrazinamide
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Use: TB
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ethambutol
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Use: TV
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SE: optic neuritis, bilat, retrobulbar, dec acuity
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rifabutin
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new rifampin.
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SE: uvetis, optic neuropathy, corneal endo deposits, pink tears
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Oseltaminivir
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Tamiflu. Inhibits Influenza A/B neuraminidase.
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Amantidine
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used to be used for influenza A.
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Trifluiridine
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viroptic. inhibits DNA polymerase. antiviral.
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acyclovir
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zovirax. vs. HZO, HSV. inhibits DNA polymerase. antiviral.
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SE: GI
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valacyclovir
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valtrex. prodrug of acyclovir. only oral. antiviral for herpes, cold sores, HZO, HSV keratitis. inhibits DNA polymerase. antiviral.
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Famciclovir
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Famvir. inhibits DNA polymerase. antiviral. vs. HSV1/2, VZV
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Ganciclovir
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cytovene. Use: CMV via IV.
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SE: bone marrow suppression/neutropenia.
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Foscarnet
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Foscavir. CMV retinitis in AIDS patients whne ganciclovir fails.
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SE: nephrotoxicity
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Zidovudine
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Retrovir/AZT. HIV drug. inhibits viral reverse transcriptase. used during pregnancy to lower risk to fetus.
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SE: bone marrow suppression, GI, HA, lactic acidosis, myalgias
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HAART
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triple therapy for HIV. 2 nucleosies, protease inhibitor e.g. saquinavir/ritonavir.
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Chloroquine
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aralen. antiparasitic. buildup of heme in RBC vs malaria. inhibits PLA. vs rhematoid arthritis, lupus.
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SE: bull's eye maculopathy, >3 mg/kg, >5 yrs, poor renal func.
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Kwell
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Lindane. vs. lice/scabies.
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SE: conj when used on eyelashes.
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prednisone
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steroid. inhibits PLA2/arachidonic acid.
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SE: diabetes, weight gain, fat , immune suppression, poor wound healing, PSC CAT, GLC, infections
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trimacinolone
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kenalog. Use: macular edema, Graves orbitopathy, post uveitis, chalazion removal, CME post CAT.
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SE: diabetes, weight gain, fat , immune suppression, poor wound healing, PSC CAT, GLC, infections, depig of eyelid in chalazion injections
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Aspirin
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NSAID. irreversible non-selective COX inhibitor. inhibits PGs, thromboxane.
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Use: antipyresis, antiinflam, analgesic. SE: GI, CV effects, respiratory effects, Reye's syndrome
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ibuprofen
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advil, motrin. reversible COX inhibitor. NSAID
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antipyresis, anti-inflam, analgesia. SE: GI. can be used in kids 6 mo+
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naproxen
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naprosyn. reversible COX inhibitor. NSAID
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antipyresis, anti-inflam, analgesia. SE: GI.
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naproxen sodium
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Aleve. reversible COX inhibitor. NSAID
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antipyresis, anti inflam, analgesia
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indomethacin
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indocin. non-selective cox inhibitor. NSAID
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Use: gout. SE: whorl keratopathy, retinal hemorrhages, pigmentary changes in macula, GI,
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Celecoxib
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celebrex. inhibits COX2.
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Use: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis. SE: edema, GI, No pregnant, no sulfa allergies
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hydroxychloroquine
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plaquenil. inhibits PLA2.
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Use: lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, malaria. SE: bull's eye maculopathy >400 mg/day or 6.5 mg/kg >5 yrs.
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acetaminophen
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ok for pregnant. SE: overdose = hepatotoxicity
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morphine
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opioid analgesic.
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Uses: analgesia, anxiety, pulmonary edema, sickle cell crisis. SE: miosis, respiratory depression, drowsiness, sedation, euphoria, nausea, vomiting, GI, orthostatic hypotension
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codeine
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opioid analgesic.
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SE: miosis. Use: coughing. Similar to dextromethorphan, meperidine
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Tramadol
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Ultram. opioid analgesic.
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Use: pain. SE: dry mouth, sedation, dizziness, nausea.
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alprazolam
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xanax. benzodiazepine. binds GABA. dec NT.
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Use: anxiety, insomnia, panic attacks, sedative and alcohol withdrawal. SE: mydriasis, nystagmus. No alcohol!
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diazepam
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valium. benzodiazepine. binds GABA. dec NT.
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Use: anxiety, insomnia, panic attacks, sedative and alcohol withdrawal. SE: mydriasis, nystagmus. No alcohol!
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Chlorpromazine
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thorazine. antipsychotic. D2 antagonist.
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Use: schizophrenia. SE: pigment on endo. anterior stellate CAT, dry eye, mydriasis, inc IOP, hyperpig of RPE, parkinson's.
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thioridazine
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mellaril. antipsychotic. D2 antagonist
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Use: schizophrenia. SE: pigment on endo, anterior stellate CAT, inc IOP, dry eye, mydriasis, hyperpig of RPE, parkinson's.
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levodopa
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antiparkinson's. Sinemet = levodopa + carbidopa.
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SE: arrhythmias, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, dyskinesia, schizophrenia. Contra: angle-closure GLC, schizophrenia, arrhythmias, melanoma.
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bromocriptine
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parlodel. dopamine agonist. Use: prolactin secreting pituitary adenomas.
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SE: arrhythmias, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, dyskinesia, schizophrenia. Contra: angle-closure GLC, schizophrenia, arrhythmias, melanoma.
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selegeline
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eldepryl. MAOI. reduces metabolism of dopamine.
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amantadine
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symmetrel. thought to potentiate dopamine effects in brain
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phenelzine
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nardil. MAOI. blocks breakdown of NE/serotonin. Use: depression, panic attacks
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orthostatic hypotension, sedation, excessive central stimulation, weight gain, sexual dysfunc. Contra: tyramine foods -> HTN crisis. SSRI -> serotonin syndrome
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amitriptyline
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elavil. TCA. inhibits NE/serotonin reuptake. 2-4 wks -> downreg of Rcs.
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Use: pain, fibromyalgia, migraines, sedation. No suicidals.
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selegeline
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eldepryl. MAOI. reduces metabolism of dopamine.
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Fluoxetine
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prozac. SSRI.
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Use: depression, panic disorder, OCD, bulimia, PTSD, PMS. SE: serotonin syndrome
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amantadine
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symmetrel. thought to potentiate dopamine effects in brain
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sertraline
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zoloft. SSRI
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Use: depression, panic disorder, OCD, bulimia, PTSD, PMS. SE: serotonin syndrome
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phenelzine
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nardil. MAOI. blocks breakdown of NE/serotonin. Use: depression, panic attacks
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orthostatic hypotension, sedation, excessive central stimulation, weight gain, sexual dysfunc. Contra: tyramine foods -> HTN crisis. SSRI -> serotonin syndrome
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phenytoin
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dilantin. anticonvulsant. acts on NE, ACh, GABA.
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SE: nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, gingival hyperplasia
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amitriptyline
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elavil. TCA. inhibits NE/serotonin reuptake. 2-4 wks -> downreg of Rcs.
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Use: pain, fibromyalgia, migraines, sedation. No suicidals.
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Fluoxetine
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prozac. SSRI.
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Use: depression, panic disorder, OCD, bulimia, PTSD, PMS. SE: serotonin syndrome
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Phenobarbital
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Luminal sodium. anticonvulsant. AMPA Rc blocker. dec glutaminergic.
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Use: seizures, epilepticus
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sertraline
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zoloft. SSRI
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Use: depression, panic disorder, OCD, bulimia, PTSD, PMS. SE: serotonin syndrome
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cyclobenzaprine
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flexeril. muscle relaxant. depresses spinal polysynaptic reflexes
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Use: muscle spasm. SE: drowsiness, loss of coordination, anticholenergic
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phenytoin
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dilantin. anticonvulsant. acts on NE, ACh, GABA.
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SE: nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, gingival hyperplasia
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nicotine
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mimics ACh at preganglionic synapse for para and sympathetic.
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Withdrawal: anxiety, irritability, restlessness, inc appetite, heart rate, BP. Tx: wellbutrin, zyban, bupropion
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Phenobarbital
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Luminal sodium. anticonvulsant. AMPA Rc blocker. dec glutaminergic.
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Use: seizures, epilepticus
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cyclobenzaprine
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flexeril. muscle relaxant. depresses spinal polysynaptic reflexes
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Use: muscle spasm. SE: drowsiness, loss of coordination, anticholenergic
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nicotine
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mimics ACh at preganglionic synapse for para and sympathetic.
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Withdrawal: anxiety, irritability, restlessness, inc appetite, heart rate, BP. Tx: wellbutrin, zyban, bupropion
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alcohol
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thiamine deficiency -> wernicke's encephalopathy. korsakoff syndrome--amnesia, confabulation
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withdrawal: anxiety, tremors, delirium tremens. tx: chlordiazepoxide, lorazepam, clonidine
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opioids
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jwaoefj
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withdrawal: mydriasis, anxiety, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, sweating, anorexia, tremor, nausea, vomiting heart rate, HTN, dehydration, acid-base. tx: clonidine
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cocaine
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blocks dopamine/NE reuptake in reward centers
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SE: mydriasis, chest pain, heart palp, heart attack
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Esters
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LA. cocaine, rhinorrhea, ophthaine, benoxinate. blocks Na channels along axons.
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amides
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LA. lidocaine (xylocaine)
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levothyroxine
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synthroid. T4.
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Use: hypothyroidism. SE: hyperthyroidism, pseudotumor cerebri in kids
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insulin
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activates tyrosine kinase Rcs.
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glipizide
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glucotrol. sulfonylurea. increases insulin secretion, dec glucagon, inc insulin sensitivity.
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metabolized by liver, excreted by kidney.
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glyburide
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diabeta, micronase. sulfonylurea. increases insulino secretion/sensitivity. dec glucagon.
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metabolized by liver, excreted by kidney
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metformin
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glucophage. biguanide. dec liver glucose production, inc glucose uptake.
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contra: renal insuf. SE: alctic acidosis.
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acarbose
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precose. a-glucosidase inhibitor. inhibits carb breakdown/intestinal uptake.
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use: dec high post-prandial glucose. SE: gas/diarrhea.
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pioglitazone
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actos. TZD. enhance insulin Rc. combat insulin resistance.
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SE: weight gain, edema
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rosiglitazone
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avandia. TZD. enhance insulin Rc. combat insulin resistance.
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SE: weight gain, edema
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sitagliptin
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januvia. dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor. inhibit glucagon.
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SE; upper respir infections.
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estrogen
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stimulates growth of endometrium
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Use: hypogonadism, hypopituitarism, pms, osteoporosis, dysmenorrhea,. SE: dry eyes, DVT, breast tenderness, hyperpig, migraines, HTN
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progestin
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inhibits growth of endometrium. maintains vascular supply. withdrawal -> menstruation
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testosterone
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promotes erythropoeisis, treats osteoporosis.
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spironolactone
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aldactone. mineralocorticoid/androgen Rc antagonist. blocks aldosterone at late DCT/collecting duct. spares K+.
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Use: hirsutism, K+ depletion, CHF. SE: hyperkalemia, gynecomastia,
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finasteride
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5-alpha reductase inhibitor -> dec androgen prod.
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Use: BPH
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hydrochlorothiazide
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hydrodiuril. diuretic. inhibits NaCl reabs in DCT. dec Ca excretion.
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Use: HTN, CHF, hypercalciuria.
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lisinopril
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prinovil, zestril. ACEI. blocks metabolism of bradykinins (vasodilation).
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Use: HTN
SE: cough, rash, inc renin, proteinuria, taste changes, angioedema |
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benazepril
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lotensin. ACEI. blocks metabolism of bradykinins
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Use: HTN.
SE: cough, rash, inc renin, proteinuria, taste changes, angioedema |
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captopril
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capoten. ACEI. blocks metabolism of bradykinins (vasodilation)
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Use: HTN
SE: cough, rash, in renin, proteinuria, taste changes, angioedema |
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losartan
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cozaar. angiotensin II Rc antagonist. dec BP.
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Use: HTN. No cough
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propranolol
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inderal. non-selective beta blocker. blocks renin release from kidney
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Use: HTN
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labetalol
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trandate. non-selective beta blocker. blocks renin release from kidney
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Use: HTN
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metoprolol
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beta 1 blocker
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Use: HTN
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atenolol
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beta 1 blocker
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Use: HTN
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tamsulosin
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flomax. alpha 1 blocker.
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Use: BPH. SE: floppy iris syndrome
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prazosin
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minipress. alpha 1 blocker.
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Use: HTN
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nifedipine
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procardia. L type Ca channel blocker. dec intracell free Ca. dec vascular resistance. dilates coronary arteries.
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Use: angina/HTN.
SE: HA, hypotension, GI, rash |
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verapamil
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calan, isoptin. L type Ca channel blocker. dilates coronary arteries. dec vascular resistance. negative inotropism, neg chronotropism. dec oxygen requirements.
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Use: angina, HTN, arrhythmias. SE: cardiac depression, constipation.
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diltiazem
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cardizem. l type Ca channel blocker. dec intracell free Ca. dec vascular resistance. dilates coronary arteries. . neg inotropism, neg chronotropism, dec oxygen requirements
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Use: angina, HTN, arrhythmias, SE: cardiac depression, constipation.
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clonidine
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catapres. a 2 agonist. dec symp. inc parasymp. dec vascular resistance/HR.
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Use: HTN, analgesia, opioid, tobacco withdrawal. SE: dry mouth, sedation, impotence, withdrawal symp, rebound HTN.
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hydralazine
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apresoline. vasodilator. inc cGMP -> smooth muscle relaxation. arterioles>veins. dec afterload.
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Use: HTN, CHF. SE: tachycardia, fluid retention, lupus
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digoxin
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lanoxin. inhibits Na/K ATPase. Inc int cell Ca.
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Use:CHF. SE: retrobulbar optic neuritis, B/Y color defects, entopic phenomenon.
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CHF
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Use diuretics, beta blockers, ACEIs
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Class I Antiarrhythmic
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Na channel blocker
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Class II antiarrhythmic
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beta blocker
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Class III antiarrhythmic
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K channel blocker
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Class IV antiarrhythmic
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Ca channel blocker
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amiodarone
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K channel blocker. antiarrhythmic Class III.
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Use: supraven/ventricular arrhythmias. SE: whorl keratopathy, ant subcaps lens deposits >600 mg/day, >6 mo tx
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Tx for unstable angina
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nitroglycerine, 325 mg aspirin, oxygen, morphine, Ca channel blockers, beta blockers
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nitroglycerine
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nitrate. releases NO in sm muscle ->vasodilation.
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sublingual rapid. Use: angina, pulmonary edema
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heparin
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antithrombin II -> inactivation of thrombin. dec clotting.
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Use: IV for DVT, stroke, angina, pulmonary embolism
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warfarin
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coumadin. Vit K antag. dec clotting factors II, VII, IX. 36-72 hr onset. anticoagulation.
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no pregnant. SE: bleeding, skin necrosis, alopecia, diarrhea. Reverse effects w/ Vit K.
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Plavix
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clopidogrel. inhibits platelet Rc. dec platelet aggreg/clotting
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Use: post heart attack. SE: GI, bleeding
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lovastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin
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mevacor, zocor, lipitor. HMF CoA reductase inhibitor, dec cholesterol synth.
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Use: cholest/TG levels. SE: GI, HA, hepatotoxicity, myopathy. no pregnant/lact
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fenofibrate
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tricor. binds PPAR-a. inc lipoprotein lipase.
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Use: dec VLDL/TGs. SE: GI, skin rash, hives, myositis
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cholestyramine
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questran. binds bile acids in intestine, prevents bile acid reabsorption.
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SE: constipation, fatty stools
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furosemide
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lasix. diuretic. inhibits Na 2CL K cotransporter in ascend LOH. Inc Ca secretion.
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Use: CHF, HTN, cirrhosis, nephritic syndrome, pulmonary edema, hypercalcemia.
SE: ototoxicity, hypokalemia, dehydration, sulfa allergies, nephritis, gout |
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mannitol
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osmitrol. increases plasma conc. draws water out of eye in AACG or brain in cerebral edema.
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SE: pulmonary edema, dehydration, CHF.
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